Pak J Med Sci
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Surgery has a rich history, and in order to understand the various training pathways for aspiring surgeons one must have an appreciation of the evolution of surgery. This manuscript aims to deliver a brief review of the history of surgery, and explore the historical moments that have shaped the training pathway of surgeons in the United Kingdom (UK), and in doing so disseminate the latest information about surgical training in the UK.
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Radiology has played a significant role in the diagnosis and quantifying the severity of COVID 19 pulmonary disease. This study was conducted to assess patterns and severity of COVID-19 pulmonary disease based on radiological imaging. ⋯ Most common patterns on CT scans were GGO and crazy paving. While on chest radiographs, bilateral lung involvement with alveolar pattern and consolidation were most common findings. On X-rays, majority had severe/critical whereas CT scan had mild/moderate findings.
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Frequency and assessment of Nutritional Status of school going children in rural areas of Islamabad.
Nutritional status is considered a significant and positive health indicator. It determines anthropometric measurements of preschool children, the height of children at the time of school entry and prevalence of low birth weight. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of nutritional status and socio-demographic factors influencing under nutrition among school children of rural Islamabad. ⋯ Undernutrition remains an ongoing health problem in school going children of rural Islamabad; particularly in male students of younger age groups. School health programs and nutritional interventions need to be strengthened particularly in rural areas of Islamabad.
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To compare safety and number of post-operative visits of patients in convenient day versus conventional first day follow-up after phacoemulsification. ⋯ Convenient day follow-up is as safe as conventional first day follow-up. Convenient day follow-up significantly reduces the number of post-operative visits. This would translate into cost reduction both for the patients and the health care facility.
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To identify association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with disease severity and mortality. ⋯ Results are compatible with worldwide studies and NLR is a cheap and easily available marker of disease severity and mortality.