Pak J Med Sci
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To assess the learner need's assessment of medical ethics in undergraduate medical curriculum of Pakistan. ⋯ Data and the PMDC curriculum support the incorporation of medical ethics in undergraduate education. Thus, an effective educational program based on the assessment of needs could be developed for medical ethics.
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Pakistan faces a number of challenges in medical education. While there is an increase in the number of medical schools across the country, there is a dearth of practicing doctors in rural areas as well as a shortage of specialists in various fields specially in surgical specialties. Similarly, the number of doctors migrating overseas is also increasing due to security concerns. This requires investigation of the factors that influence career intentions of medical graduates in Pakistan. As there is no validated instrument available within Pakistani context, this qualitative study was designed to examine medical graduates' reasons for their career intentions in light of Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). ⋯ The analysis of data from the focus groups confirms the theoretical framework and identifies a range of influencing factors, at different stages of education and practice. As the study was limited to a smaller number of graduates and all except one graduate wanted to continue practice, a larger sample may be required for the purpose of generalization of the findings reported in this study.
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MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is one of the oncogenic miRNAs which may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ⋯ MiR-21 is a helpful biomarker for early diagnosis of HCC. Nevertheless, the results of the test must be interpreted carefully in the context of medical history, erological tests and imaging examinations for HCC surveillance.
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To determine 7-9 am serum cortisol less than 5mcg/dl is an independent reliable confirmatory test for the diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI). ⋯ Morning cortisol is sensitive enough as an alternative to SST if levels are <1mcg/dl (100%). However, if the levels are increased from > 1mcg/dl to < 5 mcg/dl, the sensitivity decreases gradually from 98% to 71%.
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To determine the association of medication administration errors with interruption among nurses working at public sector tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. ⋯ It is concluded that there is a significant association between medication administration errors with interruption among nurses.