Pak J Med Sci
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To evaluate the usefulness of a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at the first trimester in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the association between FPG and adverse pregnancy outcomes. ⋯ FPG at first trimester could be used to predict GDM and higher first-trimester FPG was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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To determine frequency of electrolyte imbalance including sodium, chloride, potassium and magnesium levels present in patients with uncontrolled diabetes at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. ⋯ Electrolyte imbalance is markedly present in patients with uncontrolled blood sugars therefore serum electrolytes should be routinely measured in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum fasting blood glucose can be used as a predictor for electrolytes.
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Neonatal septicemia is responsible for 1.5 to 2.0 million deaths/year in the under developed countries of the world. Pakistan is number three among these countries and accounts for 7% of global neonatal deaths. The objective of the study was to determine the role of simple hematological parameter, immature to total neutrophil ratio (I/T ratio) in diagnosing early onset neonatal bacterial infection. ⋯ I/T ratio is a useful tool for early onset sepsis (EOS) with reasonable specificity but cannot be relied upon as sole indicator. Combination of normal immature to total neutrophil Ratio with negative CRP values in neonates with presumed sepsis is an indicator of non-infected neonate which comprised 78.8% of our study population.
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To determine the need of contemporary immersive approaches (Virtual Reality) in teaching and training at medical sector. The main objective of this study was to explore the effects of text, video and immersive technologies learning methodologies for participants' learning in public and private medical colleges and universities of Pakistan. ⋯ Through this research, we contribute to medical students learning methodologies. In medical studies, both theoretical and practical expertise has a vital role, while repetition of hands-on practice can improve young doctors' professional competency. Virtual reality was found best for medical students in both learning motivation and learning competency. Medical students and educationist may select virtual reality as new learning methodology for curriculum learning.
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To analyze the correlation between lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and clinical and pathological factors, and to provide a reference for the outline of clinical target volume. ⋯ During the outline of radiotherapy target volume for thoracic ESCC, tumor length, invasion depth and differentiation degree should be comprehensively considered to selectively irradiate the regions prone to lymph node metastasis.