Pak J Med Sci
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Association of seeking ophthalmic assessment in children with parental history of refractive errors.
To find out the association of seeking ophthalmic assessment in children with parental history of refractive errors. ⋯ This study concludes that positive maternal history of wearing spectacles is associated with the ophthalmic examination of children in both public and private school.
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To determine outcome of freehand pedicle screw fixation for dorsal, lumbar and sacral fractures at a tertiary care centre in the developing world. ⋯ Free hand pedicle screw placement based on external landmarks showed remarkable safety and accuracy in our center. The authors conclude that assiduous adherence to technique and preoperative planning is vital to success.
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To investigate the correlations of levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) with cytokines including interleukin (IL)-18, IL-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and bone material density in patients with osteoporosis d. ⋯ Patients with osteoporosis have decreased level of IGF-1 but increased level of ET-1, and they are closely related to cytokines and bone mineral density and may participate in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
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To determine the clinical characteristics and risk factors of Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) in patients with gynecological malignant tumor, facilitating gynecologists better prevent the fatal complication. ⋯ In cases of gynecological malignant tumor, DVT screening should be given due importance, especially for those patients with old age, hypertension, hyperlipemia, adenocarcinoma, or history of radiotherapy. Rehabilitation exercise should be encouraged in these patients.
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This study was conducted to quantify the normal indices of anthropometric measures related to ophthalmology including Interpupillary distance (IPD), Inner canthal distance (ICD), Outer canthal distance (OCD) in a normal, healthy Pakistani population. ⋯ This work has recommended normative values of IPD, ICD and OCD in Pakistani population on the basis different variables including gender, age, and ethnicity.