Pak J Med Sci
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To review the surgical outcome of doubly committed subarterial (DCSA) ventricular septal defect repair. ⋯ Early closure of doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect with appropriate management of aortic valve disease can halt the process of disease progression.
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Empathy is a key element of patient- physician communication; it is relevant to and positively influences patients' health. In this study we aimed to present the Turkey example for the empathy change during the medical faculty training. ⋯ Although medical schools tend to raise students with higher empathy levels, medical education itself is more scientific based than humanistic approach, and makes medical students more tough and insensitive to the problems of patients. Patient-centered approach and empathy training should be implemented in the curriculum during whole medical education.
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To analyze the psychometric indices of Anatomy question items in modular system assessment. ⋯ The psychometric analysis of Anatomy MCQs showed average difficulty, good discrimination and reliability.
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To determine occurrence of oral habits among Saudi preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and compare it with healthy preschool children. ⋯ The prevalence of oral habits was higher in the ASD group children than the healthy children.