Presse Med
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Tattooing is creating a permanent design by placing exogenous pigment particles and additives into the dermis. An adverse reaction may occur due to the act of tattooing and subsequent application of aftercare products. ⋯ These reactions have different time of onset of symptoms, appearing immediately after placement of the tattoo until several years later. In this article we will give an overview of cutaneous non-allergic adverse reactions of tattoos.
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Allergic reactions in tattoos and permanent make-up are rare but they could be problematic. The clinical presentation and the histopathology are diverse and often confusing. Symptomatic treatment is frequently unsuccessful and invasive techniques can be required. ⋯ Physical factors such as ultraviolet and laser irradiation could play a role in haptenization of colorants in the skin. Clinical observation and advanced diagnostic methods can be helpful in the diagnosis. Preventive systematic skin testing with tattoo inks, apart from being time-consuming and expensive, is useless.
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Tattooing and permanent make-up have become mainstream procedures. Many factors play a role in the final outcome of a tattoo and the satisfaction of the customer. The technical and artistic skills of the tattooist will determine the esthetic result and will help to guide the customers in their decision and choice of the tattoo. ⋯ People with increased risk of adverse events often seek medical advice prior to decide to get a tattoo or PMU. Physicians should not only be informed about the medical history of their patients but also have some basic knowledge of the practice of tattooing and the effects this procedure can exert on the skin and on the health condition of the patient. Contraindications and special precautions with regard to skin diseases and specific systemic conditions will be addressed in this article.
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Since 2004, tattooing products have been recognized as such by French law. A tattooist must declare his activity to the ARS (French regional health agency). A tattooist is legally compelled to undergo training sessions on occupational safety and hygienic requirements and to deliver his certificate to the ARS. ⋯ He also commits himself to complying with general rules and regulations and with good practices of hygiene and safety; lastly, he signs an agreement pertaining to waste disposal (DASRI). Contrary to pharmaceutical products, tattooing products are not subject to authorization prior to their commercialization. Any adverse effect after tattooing must be the subject of a declaration addressed to the ANSM (French health products safety agency) by the customer, the tattooist or a health professional.
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Editorial Historical Article
Looking back at fifteen years of publications on tattoos.