Rev Assoc Med Bras
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To evaluate the nutritional status of pupils from public schools of two cities in the western part of the state of Parana according to socioeconomic status and race. ⋯ Despite socioeconomic and racial differences found, there was no important variation of the nutritional status in the group of schoolchildren evaluated.
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Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents, despite its infrequent occurrence, demands special preventive care. Decreased oesophageal sphincter function and protective airway reflexes caused by depression of consciousness, predispose patients to this severe complication. Recently developed preoperative fasting guidelines suggest shorter fasting periods, especially for liquids, providing more comfort to patients and less risk of hypoglycemia and dehydration, without increasing incidence of perioperative pulmonary aspiration. ⋯ Tracheal intubation after rapid sequence induction of anesthesia is indicated for patients at risk of gastric content aspiration without suspicion of difficult intubation. Adequate indication of the technique, its judicious application and rational use of available drugs may promote excellent intubation conditions, with fast onset, early return to consciousness and spontaneous breathing should tracheal intubation fail. This review intends to discuss methods recently used to control volume and pH of the gastric content, protect the airways during the intubation maneuver and to decrease the gastroesophageal reflux.
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To assess if there is evidence to support different interventions for treatment of heart failure based upon race/ethnicity. ⋯ According to the data ACE inhibitors and beta blockers should be considered as the essential drugs to improve the prognosis of heart failure both in blacks and whites. The A-HeFT study was not included in the review because it was restricted to blacks; however, it should be viewed as evidence that the combination hydralazine/nitrate is beneficial to improve survival in patients with advanced heart failure. Data support development of a clinical trial especially designed to assess if the combination hydralazine/nitrate is also efficient in patients not classified as blacks, with advanced heart failure.
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To evaluate the profile of children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) treated at the UNICAMP 'Hospital de Clínicas'. ⋯ The analyzed sample showed a predominance of female patients, less than ten years of age with a severe manifestation of the disease. However, evolution was good with few complications. Most of the admissions refer to a small number of patients.