Srp Ark Celok Lek
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Anaesthesia affects kidney function by reducing the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. As chronic renal failure (CRF) significantly influences drug metabolism and elimination, we studied the effects of rocuronium bromide (RB) in patients with CRF. ⋯ In patients with CRF the cumulative effect of the drug was registered, with a prolonged recovery time from NMB in relation to the patients with normal renal function.
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Hypospadias represents the most frequent penile anomaly. The most challenging part of hypospadias surgery is urethral reconstruction. Many various tissues are used (local skin flaps, bladder mucosa grafts, buccal mucosa grafts etc.) for the reconstruction of the neourethra. ⋯ Urethral reconstruction using the buccal mucosa graft and dorsal penile skin flap in severe hypospadias repair could be the method of choice. Using this technique, single stage urethral reconstruction is possible with satisfactory esthetical and functional results.
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) in children is characterized by unstable course. A significant number of studies shows that introduction to insulin analogues treatment aims towards better control of the disease. ⋯ The use of insulin analogue treatment in childhood provides adequate metabolic control and substantially reduces the risk of acute complications (severe hypoglicemia, ketoacidosis).
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Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) has a central role in the host immune response to mycobacterial infection.TNFalpha blockade may therefore result in reactivation of recent or remotely acquired infection. In reported mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, extra-pulmonary and disseminated tuberculosis (TB) was common, appeared rapidly, and if unrecognized, with fatal outcome. We present a female patient with miliary TB following treatment with infliximab for fistulizing Crohn's disease. ⋯ The clinical use of TNF-inhibitors is associated with increased risk of developing tuberculosis. Physicians should be aware of the increased risk of reactivation of TB among patients treated with anti-TNF agents and regularly look for usual and unusual symptoms of TB.
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Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur have a special place because of a significant number of complications following treatment. Powerful loading forces asymmetrically acting to this bone segment, as well as poor vascularization interfere with bone union. ⋯ IM nailing is favoured in view of a shorter operative time, shorter hospitalisation and complications. Indirect fracture reduction and knowledge of biology of bone fracture may result in full success without any bone graft.