Srp Ark Celok Lek
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Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a radiographic examination of endocervical canals, uterine cavity and Fallopian tube with the use of a radiographic contrast medium [1]. This method is an integral part of gynaecological examination and its value has not been underestimated in the modern gynaecological practice. ⋯ On the basis of the obtained results, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) HSG is a simple method for examination of female sterility; 2) HSG and laparoscopy are the complementary methods in the examination of tubal sterility; 3) HSG is inferior in relation to laparoscopy in the examination of peritubal adhesion.
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Over the period 1994-1998 1000 patients suffering from intraepithelial cervical lesions (SIL) were examined for the presence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection. Today it is completely acknowledged that certain types of these viruses play a key role in the onset and evolution of these diseases. The study showed that SIL of the cervix appears in very young women. ⋯ Detection of Human Papilloma Virus Infection revealed negative results in 34.90% of patients, 17.80% were 6/11 positive (non-oncogenic type), and in 47.30% oncogenic types were found (16, 18, 31, 33). This finding in the LSIL group was exceptionally important since it influenced the approach to treatment. Oncogenic types of viruses were detected in 34.30% of LSIL lesions; it indicates a high progression potential of pathological changes.
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The most common fracture involving the wrist is a fracture of the scaphoid bone. Fracture of the scaphoid most frequently occurs in young adult male and usually involves the wrist of the scaphoid. There is a universal agreement that the majority of these fractures will heal if immobilized property and for a long period of time [1, 2]. In the treatment of these fractures much attention has been payed to bone damage and not to associated ligament injury. It is reported that the incidence of nonunion of scaphoid fractures is ten per cent and that the frequency of this complication remains essentially unchanged [3, 4]. Failure to improve the outcome suggests that the mechanisms and causes of this complication are poorly understood. Explanations of nonunion or delayed union of scaphoid bone are: poor initial treatment or even no treatment [3], delayed diagnosis [5], fragments displacement [5-8], improper immobilization [9], site and direction of the fracture [3] and wrist instability [8, 10]. ⋯ There were 35 per cent overlooked fractures. Delay in diagnosis of a scaphoid fracture has been suggested as a significant factor in the development of nonunion [5, 7]. However, in our series of nonunions, non treatment does not occur frequently enough to be the critical factor. Most series report about 2/3 of nonunions occurring at the wrist [7, 9]. Our series shows a similar distribution, arguing against site as a critical factor. There appears to be a nearly uniform rate of nonunion in most of the reported series [7, 15, 16], regardless of the position of the wrist, whether or not the thumb was immobilized. Evidence of ligamentous injury in our series led us to conclude that scaphoid nonunion is consistently associated with carpal instability pattern. In our series 68% of nonunions associated with carpal collaps were present. We found no statistically significant correlation between carpal collaps and nontreated fractures or location of fracture site. Therefore, we concluded that carpal collaps was consistently present and, thus the critical factor in wrists with ununited scaphoid fractures.
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The paper presents results of investigation of certain parameters of female sexual activity and their effect on the appearance of squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions (SIL). This correlation was investigated in the context of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection, in view of the role attributed to certain types of these viruses in the appearance and development of cervical SIL. Research was done on 1000 patients suffering from low histological grade (LSIL) or high histological grade (HSIL) intraepithelial cervical neoplasms. ⋯ The frequency of HPV negative results or presence of non-oncogenic types of viruses (6 and 11) was significantly higher in LSIL type lesions, while the frequency of detection of oncogenous HPV types (16, 18, 31 and 33) was significantly higher in more severe stadiums of the disease. Of the investigated parameters of sexual activity, early onset of such activity and several sexual partners proved to be significant. The number of parturitions and abortions did not appear to be significant risk factors for the onset and development of these diseases.