Srp Ark Celok Lek
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[Correlation between survival time and severity of injuries in fatal injuries in traffic accidents].
In forensic pathology, only trauma systems based on disintegration of anatomic structure of organs and tissues, could be used for objectivization, comparison and establishing of severity of injuries. Trauma systems based on pathophysiological values are useless. The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and its derivate Injury Severity Score (ISS) are the most common. AIS coded injuries are divided into six body regions and injuries are assigned a six-digit score in relation to their severity. ISS results the sum of the squares of the highest AIS values from the three most severely injured body regions. In this way, the ISS values are discontinued and vary from 0 (absence of injuries) to 75 (incompatible-with-life injury). ⋯ By anaylzing our sample of fatally injured persons in traffic accidents (unpenetrated blunt trauma), there was a negative weak correlation between the outliving period and severity of injury based on ISS. This correlation was partly direct but mostly depended on other factors (e.g. effective emergency medical system and triage, prompt and correct diagnosis, adequate medical treatment and care, etc.). Establishment of these factors could be possible through state medical projects in big medical trauma centres. Prospect registration, evaluation and scoring of all injuries in hospitals and dissecting rooms, and comparison of the obtained results, can give valid data on mortality of injured people, bad diagnosis, and appropriate medical treatment. The autopsy of injured persons dead on the spot can point out what kind of injuries are incompatible with life, as well as with their severity. The autopsy of injured persons who survived trauma can point to the most frequent injury complications, clinical diagnosis and preventable deaths. According to this paper, the critical injury by ISS is 17. In such cases, the forensic pathologist must answer the following questions: whether the death was due to trauma; whether the precipitated cause of death was the consequence or complication of injury; what were the mechanism and mode of dying; whether the death was preventable; if there were possible malpractice and negligence, etc.
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Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a radiographic examination of endocervical canals, uterine cavity and Fallopian tube with the use of a radiographic contrast medium [1]. This method is an integral part of gynaecological examination and its value has not been underestimated in the modern gynaecological practice. ⋯ On the basis of the obtained results, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) HSG is a simple method for examination of female sterility; 2) HSG and laparoscopy are the complementary methods in the examination of tubal sterility; 3) HSG is inferior in relation to laparoscopy in the examination of peritubal adhesion.
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Biography Historical Article
[135 years' since the first medical textbook for higher education in Serbia].
Medical teaching at School in Belgrade started in 1863 when forensic medicine became an oblicatory subject for law students. In 1865 the Serbian physician Joachim Medovitsh (1815-1893) published the first medical textbook "Forensic medicine for lawyers" in Serbia. It appeared more than fifty years before foundation of the School of Medicine in Serbia. ⋯ In his book Medovitsh cited often Johann Casper (1796-1864) one of who published the most used textbook in the second half of the 19th century. Joachim Medovitsh, M. D. contributed very much to the beginnings of High School medical teaching in Belgrade being in the course of events and achievements of European medicine.
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Acetabular fractures and fracture dislocations of the hip joint are frequently complex, and the precise pathological anatomy is not easily demonstrated by routine radiographs. Conventional radiographs are often supplemented by oblique views [1]. The most commonly used classification of acetabular fractures has been based on conventional radiographs which are, in majority of cases, sufficient to determine the type of acetabular injuries [1-3]. It has been shown that computed tomography is useful method in precise evaluation of the fracture type the soft-tissue damage and integrity of joint space [4-6]. ⋯ Our series demonstrates that in many cases details of acetabular fractures are not well visible on conventional radiographs. Because of the complexity of acetabular fractures, precise pathological anatomy is not easily demonstrated by routine radiographs. In a series of Pearson and Shirkhoda et al. [12,13], one third of acetabular fracture was not apparent on the initial radiographs; however, additional views taken three months later demonstrated a fracture. Mossed fractures should decrease with using the CT, which can also reveal the loose bodies in the joint space, occult femoral haed and chondral acetabular impaction. The size of the posterior wall fracture, and thus the stability of the hip, could be better determined by the CT scan than by a conventional radiograph. In conclusion, the information obtained from CT can help the surgeon to decide whether the surgery is necessary, and, if so, the proper approach. We believe that CT is a very helpful supplement to routine AP and 45 degrees oblique views when surgery of acetabular fractures is in question.
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Historical Article
[Centenary of the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology].
A centenary of the first presentation of the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology has been the reason to make a survey of all those who had been given this prestigious award and their scientific contributions. The Nobel Foundation and the Nobel Museum with their Internet presentations have been the major source of information in this paper, providing a complete survey of anything related to the Nobel Prize. The following Internet address is a very useful source of information about all the laureates of the Nobel Prize for Medicine: www.almaz.comlnobe/medicine/medicine.