Srp Ark Celok Lek
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When the coronary artery, located subepicardially, submerges into the myocardium and appears again subepicardially after a short intramural course, it represents an embedded coronary artery, while the part of the myocardium above is a myocardial bridge. ⋯ Therefore, the presence of the myocardial bridge by itself is not predominant, but it is certainly a contributing factor to a sudden cardiac death.
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Observational Study
Risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents.
High prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents is a great concern of the modern society. ⋯ Presence of maternal gestational diabates (ORadjusted: 39.426; 95% Cl: 1.822-853.271; p=0.019), and/or lack of breastfeeding in the first six months of life (ORadjusted: 0.079; 95% CI: 0.009-0.716; p=0.024) were significant predictors for developing MetS. Also, microalbuminuria is associated with MetS in obese children and adolescants (ORadjusted: 1.686; 95% Cl: 1.188-2.393; p=0.003) CONCLUSION: Presence of maternal gestational diabetes and/or lack of infant breastfeeding are considered as relevant factors that may contribute to the increased risk of developing MetS syndrome, while microalbuminuria is frequently associated with MetS in obese children and adolescents.
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Review Case Reports
Surgical treatment of median arcuate ligament syndrome: case report and review of literature.
Median arcuate ligament (MAL) syndrome, also called celiac trunk compression syndrome (CACS) or Dunbar syndrome is a rare disorder caused by compression of the celiac artery by median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm, which leads to mesenteric ischemia and chronic abdominal angina. The typical clinical triad of symptoms includes postprandial epigastric pain, weight loss and vomiting. The gold standard for MAL syndrome diagnosis is selective angiography, while in symptomatic patients with angiographically verified stenosis the optimal therapy is surgical treatment. ⋯ Despite the existing controversy concerning pathophysiological mechanism, the clinical presentation and treatment modalities of patients with MAL syndrome, it is evident that careful selection and adequate surgical treatment may significantly reduce symptoms in these patients.
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Most studies point at the main role of humanpapilloma virus (HPV) in the development of dysplasia and cervical cancer. Due to the low specificity and sensitivity of morphological diagnostic methods it is necessary to find an adequate marker which would be introduced in the screening program for cervical cancer. Most research suggests that p16INK4a is a specific and sensitive marker. ⋯ The analysis of the presence of p16INK4a can differentiate non-neoplastic from preneoplastic changes in the cervix. It is recommended to use immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical analysis using p16INK4a in interpreting borderline lesions of the cervix.
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Research on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has contributed significantly to advances in understanding cardiovascular and renal homeostasis and to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review offers a brief history of the RAS with an overview of its major components and their functions, as well as blockers of the RAS, their clinical usage and current research that targets various components of the RAS. ⋯ Inhibition of ACE thus has a dual effect, resulting in decreased angiotensin II and increased bradykinin. We described the KKS as well.