Terapevt Arkh
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The rate of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulants is 25% per year. Gastrointestinal bleedings are at least a half of major hemorrhagic complications. Currently, there is no optimal scale to calculate the risk of bleeding, and therefore the search for clinical predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding remains relevant. ⋯ Searching for clinical predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding can identify patients receiving oral anticoagulants who is need of intensive monitoring risk factors to prevent the development of life-threatening bleeding and to provide with adequate anticoagulant therapy.
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Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have been successfully used for many years to treat patients with primary hyperaldosteronism, refractory arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure. The increased interest in this drug in recent years is due to new information about its antifibrotic and antiproliferative effects, both cardiac and extracardiac. The article also discusses the possibility of using spironolactone in patients with the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
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History of the discovery of fibrillation and defibrillation, stages of the development of the concept of defibrillation are described in the article. The differences in mechanisms of different types of defibrillation are given here. The modern state of defibrillation and future trends are discussed in our article.