Terapevt Arkh
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Case Reports
[Management of a patient with diabetes mellitus after total pancreatectomy. Case report].
In modern diabetology, the most important condition for a personalized approach to patient management is to determine the type of diabetes mellitus. Particular attention is drawn to a large, but at the same time insufficiently studied group of patients with diabetes mellitus due to diseases of the pancreas or as a result of surgical interventions on the pancreas, in particular, patients who, for a number of vital indications, undergo total pancreatectomy and the mechanism of development of impaired glucose homeostasis have not been studied in these patients. To date, there are no specific algorithms for managing this category of patients. This clinical example emphasizes that the management of glycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus as a result of total pancreatectomy is an extremely difficult task that requires a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of this category of patients, the participation of an endocrinologist at all stages of patient treatment.
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Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to poor outcomes and reduced quality of life. In middle age, the decrease in muscle mass begins to be progressive. Bioimpedancemetry allows diagnosing this condition before the onset of clinical symptoms. ⋯ the introduction of bioimpedancemetry and dynamometry into early screening for muscle mass reduction will allow timely start of therapeutic and preventive measures even in middle age, which will lead to a decrease in the progression of sarcopenia in the elderly, as well as improve the quality of life.
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Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases affecting carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. This pathology has a long history, and it was considered a disease of the kidneys until the middle of the 19th century. Descriptions have been found in Egyptian papyri, in ancient Indian and Chinese medical literature, in the writings of ancient Greek and Arab doctors. ⋯ The current stage of development of glucometry includes the determination of fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, as well as continuous glucose monitoring. Continuous glucose monitoring systems make it possible to estimate the time in target range, show the rate of rise or fall of glucose levels. It affects the rate and degree of carbohydrate metabolism compensation and allows for maximum control of the disease.
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Currently, there is a growing interest in one of the most common diseases in hepatology - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is evidence that approximately 75% of cases of NAFLD occur against the background of obesity, dyslipidemia or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). At the present stage, a persistent pathophysiological interaction between NAFLD and T2DM has been demonstrated. ⋯ Ursodeoxycholic acid preparations (Ursofalk) can be recommended for the prevention of cholelithiasis. Considering the role of intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, it is necessary to correct dysbiotic changes as well as basic pharmacotherapy. Thus, a comprehensive approach to the management of patients with NAFLD and T2DM should be aimed not only at therapy, but also at the prevention of associated metabolic disorders.
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Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary heart disease belong to a group with a very high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In patients with coronary atherosclerosis, DM increases the risk of ischemic events by 2-4 times. ⋯ However, until recently it was not clear there is such an advantage in patients with DM and stable coronary artery disease without prior myocardial infarction. The addition of ticagrelol to monotherapy of acetylsalicylic acid reduces the risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 DM and stable coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, if patients have a high risk of ischemic events.