Terapevt Arkh
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Review Classical Article
[BCG, muramylpeptides, trained immunity (part I): linkages in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic].
It has long been known that Bacillus CalmetteGurin (BCG) vaccine provides nonspecific protection against many non-mycobacterial infections, which has been discussed in the last decade through the prism of the concept of trained immunity. Within the framework of this concept, a persistent increase in resistance to various pathogens, which occurs after an infectious disease or exposure to certain microbial agents, is associated with epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells and their bone marrow progenitors. The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention of scientists and practitioners to BCG as an inducer of trained immunity. ⋯ The review highlights the proven and proposed linkages between BCG, MPs, NOD2 and trained immunity in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of the data presented indicates the prospects for preclinical and clinical studies of MPs as potential drugs for nonspecific prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or other respiratory infections in risk groups during the pandemic. First of all, attention should be paid to glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide, approved for clinical use in Russia and a number of post-Soviet countries for the complex treatment and prevention of acute and recurrent respiratory infections.
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Review Classical Article
[Advantages and limitations of initial combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients in Russia].
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is severe and often times rapidly progressive disease with fatal outcome. The concept of initial combination of PAH-specific therapies in high risk patients at baseline was first described in the European guidelines on pulmonary hypertension (PH) in 2009, and in low or intermediate risk patients at baseline in 2015. Interestingly, that in Cologne Experts Consensus, and then in the 6th World Symposium on PH medical community started considering initial combination therapy as one of the most important pillars in PAH treatment algorithms in 2018. ⋯ In this narrative review paper we attempted to describe studies on initial dual combination therapy with PAH-specific drugs registered in Russia, i.e. ambrisentan and riociguat, macitentan and riociguat, macitentan and sildenafil in low or intermediate risk patients at baseline, as well as iloprost inhaled and sildenafil, iloprost inhaled and bosentan in high risk patients. Some beneficial pharmacological effects due to the synergy between ambrisentan plus riociguat, and inhaled iloprost plus sildenafil appear to be interesting and require further clinical confirmation. Other initial combinations of PAH-specific agents require large-scale clinical trials as well.
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Classical Article
[Testing and validation of the Russian version of quality of life questionnaire in patients with GERD - GERD-HRQL].
This study aimed to test the Russian version of GERD-HRQL in the focus group of patients with GERD, as well as to evaluate its psychometric properties reliability, validity and sensitivity. ⋯ The developed Russian version of the GERD-HRQL questionnaire proved to have high psychometric properties and may be used in the Russian population of GERD patients both in research studies and in a real clinical practice.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Classical Article
[Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of local antibacterial therapy in the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis].
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Polydexa with phenylephrinum in the complex treatment of moderate acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. ⋯ The pronounced anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial effects of the drug were confirmed; conclusions were drawn about the clinical efficacy, tolerability, safety of Polydexa with phenylephrinum and allows to achieve complete resolution of the pathological process in more cases.
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The study was to assess the deformation properties of the left ventricle (LV) myocardium in patients with breast cancer initially and after anthracycline chemotherapy according to 2D and 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE). ⋯ The study showed that in patients with breast cancer for a more accurate assessment of LV systolic function (ejection fraction) it is advisable to use 3D-echocardiography. A comparative analysis revealed statistically significantly lower values of the GLS according to the three-dimensional mode of STE compared to two-dimensional. The study also evaluated a new strain parameter GAS (%). In patients with breast cancer during ROC analysis with a value of -14.0, the GAS indicator for the development of subclinical cardiotoxicity showed a sensitivity of 81.5% and a specificity of 73.3%. Сonclusion.the advantage of the STE in the three-dimensional mode, in contrast to the two-dimensional mode, is the simultaneous and more accurate assessment of LVEF. The value of the additional parameter of LV deformation the area of deformation requires further study.