Terapevt Arkh
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The paper deals with the analysis of studies of the role of the bone morphogenetic proteins fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and Klothno in the development of vascular wall calcification in chronic renal disease (CRD). FGF-23 is shown to be an important phosphaturic hormone that inhibits hypercalcemic and hyperphosphatemic effects of elevated serum vitamin D concentrations. ⋯ Most authors regard FGF-23 as a potential uremic toxin in patients with end-stage CRD. There are data that support the renoprotective value of the morphogenetic protein Klotho whose expression in CRD is decreased.
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Comparative Study
[FLT3 and NPM1 gene mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemias and the impact of FLT3-ITD mutations on the survival of patients with a normal karyotype].
To estimate the extent of FLT3 and NPM1 gene mutations and the impact of mutations of FLT3-ITD on the survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemias (AML). ⋯ The findings allow AML patients with a normal karyotype and the FLT3-ITD-/NPM-genotypes to be identified as a poor prognosis group.
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There is a new class of drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM). It has come into existence after long-term studies of the fundamentally new hemostastic mechanism in glucose regulation via the gastrointestinal hormones incretins. ⋯ The mechanism of action of incretins is considered. The place of novel agents (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors) in the total pattern of treatment for type 2 DM, indications for and contraindications to their use, benefits versus traditional glucose-lowering therapy (the inestimable advantage of these drugs is no risk for hypoglycemia), and prospects for their future application are discussed.
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In Russia, diabetes mellitus afflicts 8 million people, 90% of them had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and this figure is growing steadily. At the same time there is a rise in the incidence of macrovascular events (unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction). ⋯ To prevent chronic complications of DM is likely to be the most urgent task of not only modern diabetology, but also medical science as a whole. In this connection, of great value are the results of a few large international randomized controlled studies, the main objective of which was to evaluate the impact of the rate of blood glucose control on the incidence and outcomes of cardiovascular diseases in patients with T2DM
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Antithymocyte immunoglobulins remain to be one of the most effective immunosuppressants used in transplantology and in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The unique features of the mechanisms of individual antithymocyte globulin preparations should be borne in mind. Due to its polyclonal nature, thymoglobulin provides a wide spectrum of diverse immunomodulatory effects, which is the basis for its wide use in order to reduce the risk for graft rejection and a graft-versus-host reaction and to treat aplastic anemia.