Terapevt Arkh
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Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases affecting carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. This pathology has a long history, and it was considered a disease of the kidneys until the middle of the 19th century. Descriptions have been found in Egyptian papyri, in ancient Indian and Chinese medical literature, in the writings of ancient Greek and Arab doctors. ⋯ The current stage of development of glucometry includes the determination of fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, as well as continuous glucose monitoring. Continuous glucose monitoring systems make it possible to estimate the time in target range, show the rate of rise or fall of glucose levels. It affects the rate and degree of carbohydrate metabolism compensation and allows for maximum control of the disease.
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Currently, there is a growing interest in one of the most common diseases in hepatology - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is evidence that approximately 75% of cases of NAFLD occur against the background of obesity, dyslipidemia or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). At the present stage, a persistent pathophysiological interaction between NAFLD and T2DM has been demonstrated. ⋯ Ursodeoxycholic acid preparations (Ursofalk) can be recommended for the prevention of cholelithiasis. Considering the role of intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, it is necessary to correct dysbiotic changes as well as basic pharmacotherapy. Thus, a comprehensive approach to the management of patients with NAFLD and T2DM should be aimed not only at therapy, but also at the prevention of associated metabolic disorders.
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Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary heart disease belong to a group with a very high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In patients with coronary atherosclerosis, DM increases the risk of ischemic events by 2-4 times. ⋯ However, until recently it was not clear there is such an advantage in patients with DM and stable coronary artery disease without prior myocardial infarction. The addition of ticagrelol to monotherapy of acetylsalicylic acid reduces the risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 DM and stable coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, if patients have a high risk of ischemic events.
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Early screening of complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the priorities for public health. Most patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are patients of working age. New strategies for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are needed to prevent their early disability. ⋯ In T1DM, even at a young age, there are multifactorial changes in the heart, which can be detected even at the preclinical stage. The data obtained can be used to identify groups of patients at high risk of developing dangerous CVD in T1DM, which can form the basis for determining the timing of the start of preventive therapy.
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Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) are two interrelated metabolic diseases widespread throughout the developed world. However, up to 30% of individuals with a long history of obesity do not have a carbohydrate metabolism disorder. This article presents the results of a multi-year study of adipose tissue biology in obese individuals with DM 2 compared with individuals with the same history of obesity without DM 2. ⋯ These disorders are due to abnormal expression of genes responsible for the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. The study of the possible reversibility of abnormal changes in adipose tissue MSCs in obese patients after significant weight loss and DM 2 remission appears to be a promising research direction. The ability to control adipose tissue progenitor cells may represent a new target for treating and preventing metabolic disorders in obesity.