Neurology
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To investigate the risk of AD associated with a family history of dementia, female gender, low levels of education, smoking, and head trauma. ⋯ Contrary to previous reports, head trauma was not a risk factor for AD, and smoking did not protect against AD. The association of family history with the risk of AD is weaker than previously estimated on the basis of cross-sectional studies. Female gender may modify the risk of AD, whether it be via biological or behavioral factors.