Neurology
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To investigate hemodynamic response pattern and spatiotemporal propagation of cortical spreading depolarization in the peri-infarct region of malignant hemispheric stroke. ⋯ We visualize the spatiotemporal propagation of spreading depolarizations in the human cerebral cortex intraoperatively. In patients with focal ischemia, multiple cortical spreading depolarizations with either hyperemic or hypoemic flow responses occurred. Our data suggest that, in patients with focal ischemia, cortical spreading depolarizations are associated with both unfavorable and protective hemodynamic responses.
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The professional practice of intraoperative monitoring (IOM) has evolved over the past 30 years. This report describes the field's current state and how site of service affects practice. ⋯ The remote monitoring practice model is different from local models in annual volume, simultaneous cases, work per case, and types of cases.
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Editorial Comment
Blurring of local and remote practice models threatens IOM's future.
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Pain is an important component of health and function, and chronic pain can be a problem in its own right. The purpose of this report is to review the considerations surrounding pain measurement in the NIH Toolbox, as well as to describe the measurement tools that were adopted for inclusion in the NIH Toolbox assessment battery. ⋯ Core and supplemental measures were recommended for the NIH Toolbox. Additional measures were reviewed for investigators who seek tools for measuring pain intensity in pediatric samples.