Neurology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Dual-task performances can be improved in patients with dementia: a randomized controlled trial.
Deficits in attention-related cognitive performance measured as dual-task performance represent early markers of dementia and are associated with motor deficits and increased risk of falling. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a specific dual-task training in patients with mild to moderate dementia. ⋯ This study provides Class II evidence that specific dual-task training improves dual-task performance during walking under complex S3 conditions in geriatric patients with mild to moderate dementia.
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Comparative Study
Cognitive outcome 10 years after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: a prospective controlled study.
To explore late effects of temporal lobe resection (TLR) for epilepsy on general cognitive level and memory. ⋯ In this study, the main finding was cognitive stability from 2 to 10 years after temporal lobe resection. There was no further decline in verbal memory from 2 to 10 years after surgery, lending no support to the notion of an ongoing progressive decline in verbal memory after temporal lobe resection. The verbal memory course was not dependent on seizure outcome or antiepileptic drug treatment.
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Recently, the gene encoding the human cytosolic NADPH-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) was reported frequently mutated in gliomas. Rare mutations were also found in the sequence of the mitochondrial isoform IDH2. ⋯ This exclusive association suggests a new mechanism of tumorigenesis. Perhaps the IDH1/IDH2 mutation is a prerequisite for the occurrence of the t(1;19) translocation, or it is required for the 1p19q codeleted cells to acquire a tumor phenotype.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Treatment of restless legs syndrome with pregabalin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
To assess the therapeutic efficacy, required dose, and tolerability of pregabalin in patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS). ⋯ This study provides Class II evidence that pregabalin is effective for the treatment of restless legs syndrome and improves sleep architecture and periodic limb movements in placebo-unresponsive patients.
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To provide an update of the 1995 American Academy of Neurology guideline with regard to the following questions: Are there patients who fulfill the clinical criteria of brain death who recover neurologic function? What is an adequate observation period to ensure that cessation of neurologic function is permanent? Are complex motor movements that falsely suggest retained brain function sometimes observed in brain death? What is the comparative safety of techniques for determining apnea? Are there new ancillary tests that accurately identify patients with brain death? ⋯ In adults, there are no published reports of recovery of neurologic function after a diagnosis of brain death using the criteria reviewed in the 1995 American Academy of Neurology practice parameter. Complex-spontaneous motor movements and false-positive triggering of the ventilator may occur in patients who are brain dead. There is insufficient evidence to determine the minimally acceptable observation period to ensure that neurologic functions have ceased irreversibly. Apneic oxygenation diffusion to determine apnea is safe, but there is insufficient evidence to determine the comparative safety of techniques used for apnea testing. There is insufficient evidence to determine if newer ancillary tests accurately confirm the cessation of function of the entire brain.