Neurology
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Editorial Comment Comparative Study
Better late than never?: the story of arterial recanalization in acute ischemic stroke.
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the CNS characterized by a widespread demyelination that predominantly involves the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. The condition is usually precipitated by a viral infection or vaccination. The presenting features include an acute encephalopathy with multifocal neurologic signs and deficits. ⋯ In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge of the main aspects of ADEM, including its clinical and radiologic diagnostic features, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and outcome. An overview of ADEM treatment in children is provided. Finally, the controversies surrounding pediatric MS and ADEM are addressed.
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Historical Article
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: a short history of a long story.
Shortly after multiple sclerosis (MS) was described by Charcot in 1872-1873, symptoms of MS were noted in children. At the time of these observations (late 19th century), the many inherited demyelinating diseases that manifest during childhood had not yet been recognized. ⋯ Only a half century later, with increased understanding of both inherited leukodystrophies as well as MS, was it acknowledged that children can develop MS. Our present challenges in the differential diagnoses of demyelinating disorders presenting in childhood are reflected in the history of pediatric MS.