Neurology
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Muscle pain differs from skin pain with respect to quality, accuracy of localization, and unpleasantness. This study was conducted to identify the brain regions associated with the affective-motivational component of tonic skin and muscle pain. ⋯ The data suggest that the insula represents one main structure where the unpleasantness of tonic pain perception is encoded.
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To determine the influence of the APOE genotype on functional and cognitive outcome and on the incidence and prognosis of clinical vasospasm (delayed ischemic neurologic deficit [DIND]) in noncomatose patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). ⋯ ApoE4 negatively affects cognitive morbidity and delayed ischemic neurologic deficit recovery. The presence of an epsilon4 allele increases the risk of delayed ischemic neurologic deficit.
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Migraine and headache in general have been associated with subsequent risk of stroke, primarily in retrospective case-control studies. Prospective data evaluating the association between specific headache forms and stroke are sparse. ⋯ In these prospective data, migraine was not associated with total, ischemic, or hemorrhagic stroke. In subgroup analyses, we found increased risks of total and ischemic stroke for migraineurs with aura. The absolute risk increase was, however, low, with 3.8 additional cases per year per 10,000 women.
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The effect of a single dose of 1,000 mg of levetiracetam on essential tremor was investigated in 24 patients in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. There was a significant reduction of hand tremor for at least 2 hours as measured by accelerometry and functional tests.