Neurology
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Clinical Trial
Sustained cholinesterase inhibition in AD patients receiving rivastigmine for 12 months.
To study the long-term dual inhibitory effects of rivastigmine on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in patients with AD. ⋯ Rivastigmine causes persistent inhibition of AChE and BuChE in CSF as well as plasma. The persistent CSF inhibition contrasts with earlier findings after long-term treatment by the reversible ChE inhibitor tacrine, which demonstrated increased AChE activity in the CSF but not in the blood. Rivastigmine's effects on the preferential up-regulation of the AChE-R isoform may have a favorable effect on disease stabilization.
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Studies have documented declining mortality from stroke in adults over the past two decades, with black adults at greater risk of death from stroke than whites in all years. As these findings have been attributed to control of stroke risk factors that are less important in children, trends and demographics of childhood stroke mortality are of interest, but have not been explored. ⋯ Mortality from stroke in US children has decreased dramatically over the last 20 years. Black children are at greater risk of death from all stroke types than are white children. As control of known stroke risk factors is unlikely to account for declining stroke mortality and ethnic differences in children, unrecognized stroke risk factors may be important.
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Previously, hyperoxia and blood volume increase were reported in the red nucleus and substantia nigra during spontaneous migraine with aura. ⋯ Activation (hyperoxia and blood volume increase) of the red nucleus and substantia nigra in association with visually triggered symptoms of migraine suggest that these brainstem structures are a part of a neuronal network activated during an attack.