Rev Esc Enferm Usp
-
The pain is a frequent symptom during the postoperative period and results in suffering and unnecessary risks for the patient. Studies show the inadequate pain relief after surgery and the relationship with erroneous assessment and non-acquaintance about analgesics methods. The article discuss the postoperative pain management which includes the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, opioids, cognitive-behavior interventions and high-tech like epidural catheter and patient-controlled analgesia systems. Besides the adequate pain control includes the discussion about ethical and economic aspects.
-
The aim of this study was evaluate the utilization of tools for pain perception assessment in 41 hospitalized pre-school children submitted to painful procedures: care of wounds or blood extraction. The utilized tools were the faces scale, behavioral indicators and words which describe the pain. ⋯ Crying, immortality and forehead wrinkling were the predominant behavioral indicators, intensified during the procedure. Pre-schoolers verbalizations about their pain showed up to be concrete terms or evaluative-indicative nature, resulting in variable or weakly precise concepts.
-
The purposes of this research was to identify the activities developed by the nurses after undergraduation course at the School of Nursing of the University of São Paulo and to characterize their insertion in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), in relation to have been or not their first area of job, their previous experience in ICU, the specific initial training and difficulties faced to take on the ICU activities. The population was composed by nurses graduated between 1991 and 1995. A rol of names, addresses and telephone numbers was obtained at the school office. ⋯ The majority of the respondents (90.5%) were working as nurses, mainly in hospitals, which was the most indicated area of work (76.2%). Almost half of the informants (47.0%) said they worked or were working in ICUs and for 54.5% of them, this was their first job; 52.8% had no previous experience in ICU. Although 64.1% of these nurses had received a specific initial training, some difficulties to take on the ICU activities were faced: lack of knowledge and psychomotor skills (45.4%), handling equipments (25.8%) and relationship with the multiprofessional and the nursing team (8.2%).
-
The proposal of this research was to obtain parameters to start or maintain cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in victims of trauma. The duration of the cardiac arrest and the CPR of the survivors was described, as well as the cerebral performance and the mortality of these victims 24, 48 and 72 hours after these events had happened. With the results of this characterization the relation between duration of cardiac arrest time, CPR and mortality were described. ⋯ The assessment, during the 72 hour period, of the survivors from cardiac arrest of traumatic cause has shown bad cerebral performance of those victims in that period of time. The survivor after the first episode of CPR was strongly related to cardiac arrest time when compared with CPR time. The time of cardiac arrest < or = 4 minutes and CPR < or = 20 minutes was related to survival more than 72 hours.
-
Comparative Study
[Use of the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Jouvet Coma Scale to evaluate the level of consciousness].
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the Jouvet Coma Scale (JCS) have been evolved for assessing the depth and duration of impaired consciousness and coma. The analysis and the utilization of these scales have showed that they are complementary. The GCS is more sensitive when there is a more intense loss of consciousness, whereas the JCS shows its sensitivity better in the states close to normal. ⋯ This did not occur when using the JCS. However it is believed that specific conditions of that particular group might have led to that result as well as specific characteristics of groups of patients might favor the utilization of different scales to evaluate the consciousness level. Therefore the final choice between such scales should consider the conditions and the peculiar characteristics of the clientele to be evaluated and not individual or health department services preferences.