European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society
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Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg · Jun 2018
ReviewMacrophages play an essential role in trauma-induced sterile inflammation and tissue repair.
Severe trauma is accompanied by a profound activation of the immune system. Patients with polytrauma develop systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and often sepsis, which contributes substantially to high mortality of this condition. On a cellular level, necrosis and loss of plasma membrane integrity lead to the release of endogenous "damage-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs) as danger signals, which in turn activate innate immune cells. ⋯ Dysregulated sterile inflammation and defective healing result in chronic inflammatory disease with persistent tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to activation of sterile inflammation, recruitment of immune cells and initiation of wound healing. We focus on the pivotal role of macrophages played in this context.
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Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg · Jun 2018
ReviewDanger signals from mitochondrial DAMPS in trauma and post-injury sepsis.
In all multicellular organisms, immediate host responses to both sterile and infective threat are initiated by very primitive systems now grouped together under the general term 'danger responses'. Danger signals are generated when primitive 'pattern recognition receptors' (PRR) encounter activating 'alarmins'. These molecular species may be of pathogenic infective origin (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) or of sterile endogenous origin (danger-associated molecular patterns). ⋯ Mitochondria (MT) are evolutionarily derived from bacteria, and thus they sit at the crossroads between sterile and infective danger signal pathways. Many of the molecular species in mitochondria are alarmins, and so the release of MT from injured cells results in a wide variety of inflammatory events. This paper discusses the known participation of MT in inflammation and reviews what is known about how the major.
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Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg · Jun 2018
Pediatric out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation by helicopter emergency medical service, does it has added value compared to regular emergency medical service?
To determine the outcome of out-of-hospital (OOH) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the advanced life support (ALS) procedures provided in pediatrics by the Rotterdam Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of all pediatric (0-17 years) OOH cardiopulmonary arrests within a 6-year period and attended by the Rotterdam HEMS team. ⋯ The HEMS brings essential medical expertise in the field not provided by regular emergency medical service. HEMS provide a significant quantity of procedures, obviously needed by the OOH CPR of a pediatric patient.
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Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg · Jun 2018
Reduced invasive and muscle-sparing operative approaches to the posterolateral chest wall provide an excellent accessibility for the operative stabilization! : Minimized approaches to the posterolateral chest wall.
Stabilizing techniques for flail chest injuries are described through wide surgical approaches to the chest wall, especially in the most affected posterior and lateral regions. Severe morbidity due to these invasive approaches needs to be considered due to dissection of the scapular guiding muscles and the risk of injuries to neurovascular bundles. This study discusses possibilities for minimized approaches to the posterior and lateral regions. ⋯ Extensive invasive surgical approaches to the thoracic wall can be replaced by reduced invasive and muscle-sparing access combinations. A free-moving positioning of the arm and an accurate preoperative plan for minimizing approaches are essential. Minimally invasive plate techniques are very helpful adjuncts.
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Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg · Jun 2018
Spontaneous recovery of non-operated traumatic brachial plexus injury.
We investigated the spontaneous recovery of non-operated traumatic brachial plexus injury (BPI). ⋯ Spontaneous recovery may be possible even in severe traumatic BPI. Multiple factors should be considered when predicting the clinical course of traumatic BPI.