Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet
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The Royal Thai College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists has proposed 4 components of collaboration with the RANZCOG as follow: 1. Continuing education of the members of the two parties; 2. Regular scientific meeting held between the two parties; 3. ⋯ For the RTCOG, it is expected that the collaboration will provide the Thai member with more opportunity for training in either Australia or New Zealand. We may have research initiative either by the RANZCOG or the RTCOG. More scientific papers from the Thai college may be more acceptable for publication in the journal of the RANZCOG and that more meetings will be organized by our two colleges.
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Pain in normal labour can be relieved using many non-pharmacological methods including:- Techniques that reduce painful stimuli: Assuming various upright positions to ease the pain, encourage labour progress and increase the diameter of the pelvis. Techniques that activate peripheral sensory receptors: Of the various techniques used, intradermal injection of sterile water (ISW) results in over 50% of pain relief compared to 18% in the 'dry needling' group, Dahl V., Aarmes T. One RCT concluded that ISW is more effective than TENS for relieving low back pain in labour. Two trials, Erkkola et al and Bundsen et al found that mothers using TENS received good to moderate pain relief 48%: 37% and 31%: 55%. There were no ill effects produced in the newborn infant. The use of essential oils, lavender, frankincense and rose for relief of anxiety and fear were favourably reported by E. Burn et al. Also for the effectiveness rating of pain by parity and labour onset more women recorded a positive or equivocal score than a negative one. The use of Active Birth embraces many methods of non-pharmacological pain relief including using a humane approach and providing continuous emotional support by a companion or caregiver throughout labour. Two Bangkok hospitals, using Active Birth, showed a marked reduction in the use of pharmacological pain relief. ⋯ Pharmacological methods to help alleviate the pain of labour should only be used as a last resort.
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A paper on "Violence against Women Migrant Workers in Thailand" will show the situation of women migrant workers in Thailand, why they have to come to Thailand, what kind of job they do, how they are abused and exploited by employer in many types of violence and how the Thai government manages to solve the problems and assist them. The term or definition of "violence against women-VAW" and "discrimination against women" is provided and based on the definition stated in the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Readers will see that violence against women is a form of discrimination committed on a basis of sex. ⋯ Poverty, demand and supply sides of labor, level of education, no knowledge of their own rights, impact of capitalism and gender issues, are mentioned as original factors of migration and VAW. The Thai government has national policy, plan, instrument and measures to cope with in- migration of illegal workers. Not only government agencies are active to solve the problems and assist the women migrant workers, but also non-government and international organizations as well as the UN agencies are working seriously to assist them and protect their rights.
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Pre-eclampsia, formerly called pregnancy-induced hypertension, refers to the new onset of hypertension (SBP > or = 140 mmHg or DBP > or = 90 mmHg) and proteinuria (> or = 0.3 g protein in a 24-hour urine specimen or 1+ on dipstick) after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously normotensive women. It is a life-threatening, multi-organ involvement disease and remains the leading cause of maternal death. Its clinical manifestations are the result of generalized vasospasm, activation of the coagulation system, and changes in several humoral and autoregulatory systems related to volume and blood pressure control. ⋯ To date, no screening test has been proved to be reliable and cost-effective. The prevention of pre-eclampsia with antioxidant therapy (vitamin C, E) has shown promise, but large, randomized trials are needed. Although controversy exists, calcium supplementation has shown no benefit in large trials, and most evidence suggests little or no benefit for low-dose aspirin as prevention in women in the low-risk category.
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Pain in labor, like the other kind of pain, start at transduction, transmission and modulation. The original gate-control theory, the gate-control theory Mark II and the neuromatrix theory of pain are proposed to explain the complexity of pain perception and pain relief methods such as internal and external factors. Labor pain is originated from the uterine contraction and cervical dilatation and stretching of the neighbor-pelvic organs during the mechanism of labor. The pain is referred to the dermatomes supplied by the same spinal cord segments which receive input from the uterus, cervix and the neighbor-pelvic organs.