Journal of opioid management
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Observational Study
Characteristics of prior emergency departments visits associated with subsequent opioid overdose.
In this study, we aim to identify and discuss the clinical and demographic characteristics of previous emergency department (ED) patient visits, at one of the only two medical centers in Staten Island, the epicenter of the opioid epidemic within Staten Island, who subsequently present to the ED with an opioid overdose. ⋯ This study identified clinical and demographic characteristics of previous ED patient visits who subsequently present to the ED with an opioid overdose. These characteristics will be vital toward an increased understanding of subjects who subsequently experience an opioid overdose.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The impact of preinduction fentanyl dosing strategy on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is commonly attributed to opioid analgesics; consequently, perioperative opioid dosage reduction is a common practice. However, inadequate fentanyl analgesia may have adverse implications (sympathetic activation, pain). We conducted this randomized clinical study to analyze whether preinduction fentanyl 3 µg kg-1 administered by different techniques increases incidence of PONV. ⋯ Controlled administration of preinduction fentanyl 3 µg kg-1 by commonly employed administration methods does not seem to impact PONV profile. Further studies are needed to establish a temporal link between preinduction fentanyl and PONV.
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Urine drug testing (UDT) is increasingly performed as a means of identifying aberrant behavior that may be grounds for discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy (LTOT). Little is known, however, about the ways in which positive UDT results may differentially inform decisions to discontinue LTOT based on the type of substance for which the UDT screened positive. The aim of this study was to examine the likelihood of clinician-initiated discontinuation of LTOT attributed to positive UDT results across three discrete categories of substances: (1) cannabis, (2) alcohol or illicit substances (excluding cannabis), and (3) controlled prescription medications that were not prescribed. ⋯ High odds of UDT-related discontinuation were found in patients who tested positive for cannabis, alcohol, or illicit substances, relative to nonprescribed prescription medications.
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To examine recent trends in and predictors of hydromorphone administration in US emergency departments (EDs) compared with other opioids. ⋯ From 2007 to 2014, hydromorphone was administered to more than one in three US ED patients who were administered opioids, and several factors predicted its use. High use was found in some conditions where opioid use is inappropriate, suggesting a need for additional initiatives to promote rational prescribing of high-potency opioids.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy and safety of naloxegol for opioid-induced constipation assessed by specific opioid medication, opioid dose, and duration of opioid use.
Efficacy and safety of naloxegol, a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist that significantly reduces opioid-induced constipation (OIC), were assessed for patient subgroups defined post hoc by baseline maintenance opioid characteristics. ⋯ In this post hoc, exploratory analysis, naloxegol 25 mg showed similar efficacy in treating OIC regardless of maintenance opioid type, dose, or duration of opioid use at baseline.