Rozhledy v chirurgii : měsíčník Československé chirurgické společnosti
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Infection is a serious complication in vascular reconstructive surgery. When the entire graft is infected, its excision and subsequent replacement is the only option of treatment. In case of localised graft infection in the groin, the vascular reconstruction can be saved using negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT). ⋯ Localised wound infection in the groin after arterial surgery is a serious complication of arterial reconstruction procedures. In eligible patients, such an infection can be treated conservatively using NPWT. The method is most efficient in the management of early infections. Wounds infected with P. aeruginosa or those with suture line exposure require special treatment. Long-term follow-up is necessary due to the risk of recurrent infection.
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The original Kocher approach was published several times in the 18921907 period. It extends in the interval between the extensor carpi ulnaris and the anconeus and consists in subperiostal release of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), joint capsule and origin of extensors at the lateral epicondyle and their retraction anteriorly, and a similar release of the anconeus from the distal humerus and its reflection posteriorly. This provides an extensive approach to the elbow. ⋯ This eliminates the risk of injury to the neurovascular hilus of the muscle, as the motoric nerve enters the muscle in the middle of its upper border. Retraction of the muscle exposes both the lateral surface of the joint capsule and the lateral surface of the proximal ulna. Further procedure, i.e. incision of the capsule and inspection of the joint, is the same as in the limited Kocher approach.
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Radius is a critical bone for functioning of the forearm and therefore its reconstruction following fracture of its shaft must be anatomical in all planes and along all axes. The method of choice is plate fixation. However, it is still associated with a number of unnecessary complications that were not resolved even by introduction of locking plates, but rather the opposite. ⋯ When drilling screw holes the drill must be directed into the interosseous border. As a result, the screw has the longest trajectory and the best fixation in the bone. Perforation of the anterior or posterior surface of the radius considerably shortens the trajectory of the screw and thus reduces stability of internal fixation.
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Abdominal sepsis patient management is an issue of high current importance, and the amount of knowledge keeps increasing and changing the approach to critically ill patients with abdominal sepsis. ⋯ Early identification of septic patients and prompt implementation of a complex, evidence-based interdisciplinary approach are the principal conditions for improving healthcare outcomes of care provided to patients with abdominal sepsis.
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Acute massive pulmonary embolism remains potentially lethal with mortality varying between 2553%. In the thrombolytic era, surgical pulmonary embolectomy is deemed as a rescue approach for patients with absolute contraindication of thrombolysis or its failure. However, close interdisciplinary cooperation, meticulous choice of optimal reperfusion strategy, standardization of surgical approach, and mainly the inclusion of mechanical circulatory support into the treatment algorithm have led to a drop in in-hospital mortality below 10% in the last 10 years. ⋯ Subsequently, optimal reperfusion strategy can be chosen or patients may be transported for it. The review highlights the contemporary role of surgical pulmonary embolectomy and extracorporeal membrane oxygen therapy in the treatment algorithm for acute massive pulmonary embolism, summarising current perspectives on the indications and contraindications for these treatment strategies and their results. Key words: massive pulmonary embolism - surgical pulmonary embolectomy - extracorporeal membrane oxygen therapy.