Anesteziologiia i reanimatologiia
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Jul 2006
Review[Hemodynamic complications and critical incidents during central neuroaxial blocks: epidemiology and mechanisms of development].
The review covers the studies dealing with the hemodynamic complications and critical incidents during spinal and epidural anesthesia, their epidemiology, and with those underlying pathophysiological changes. By analyzing and generalizing the mechanisms responsible for the development of such situations, the authors define the basic principles in the prediction of the course of anesthesia and in the assessment of an anesthetic risk.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Jul 2006
[Regional anesthesia and sedation during extremity operations in children].
Twenty-five studies were made in patients aged 12 to 15 years, who had been operated on for extremity injuries. The patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) those who had been given regional anesthesia with sedation (n=10) and (2) those who had received apparatus-mask anesthesia (n=15). ⋯ The study included 6 steps: (1) premedication; (2) postmedication; (3) postblock; (4) 20 min after block; (5) during skin incision; (6) after consciousness recovery. The findings suggest that there are insignificant hemodynamic changes when regional anesthesia is made in combination with drug sedation as compared with fluorotane-oxide-oxygen anesthesia.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Jul 2006
[Peripheral nerve block as a component of anesthesia during operations on lower extremity vessels].
Lumbar plexus block via inguinal paravascular access that was included as part of an anesthetic support at venectomy in the great saphenous vein, was studied for its impact on the development of postoperative pain syndrome and stress responses. The authors revealed a significant postoperative pain relief at rest and in motion, and reductions in the need for analgesics and in the magnitude of a stress response to a surgical injury.
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This paper describes a new method of brachial plexus block via subclavian access. The method minimizes the risk of pneumothorax, impairments of nerves and vessels and does not require the use of an electrical stimulator. In addition, it prevents catheter migration during continuous analgesia.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Jul 2006
[Optimal modes of epidural analgesia at labor in females at a high risk of complications].
A total of 1570 females were examined. They were divided into 3 groups: (1) 780 pregnant females and puerperas with varying preeclampsia; (2) 560 pregnant females and puerperas with acquired rheumatic heart diseases; 3) 230 puerperas with chronic nonspecific lung diseases. For labor pain relief Group 1 received continuous epidural analgesia with 1% lidocaine (1 mg/kg) in combination with clonidine (clofelin) (1 microg/kg); Group 2 was given 1% lidocaine (1 mg/kg) in combination with morphine (0.08-0.1 mg/kg); Group 3 had 1% ultracaine (1 mg/kg. The proposed modes of epidural analgesia provide a reliable antinociceptive protection of females at labor and hemodynamic stability and exert no significant negative effect on babies in the early adaptation period.