Anesteziologiia i reanimatologiia
-
Anesteziol Reanimatol · Jul 1999
Review Comparative Study[Pediatric regional anesthesia: rational approaches and practical aspects].
Regional anesthesia in children is to be carried out with due consideration for anatomy, physiology (specifically, neurophysiology), pharmacology of local anesthetics, and detailed knowledge of pediatric protocols of numerous regional blockades. Age-specific differences in the pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics should be borne in mind when choosing safe doses and protocols. The pharmacokinetic factors may involve the risk of toxic reactions to local anesthetics. The protocols of central neuroaxial blockades in children are characterized by certain differences, concerning the indications, anatomic reference points, choice of special equipment, doses, and schemes of administration.
-
Anesteziol Reanimatol · Jul 1999
Review Comparative Study[Current problems in anesthesia and intensive care in pediatrics].
-
Anesteziol Reanimatol · Jul 1999
Comparative Study[Postoperative epidural analgesia using local anesthetics in combination with morphine in children].
Epidural analgesia with lidocaine (trimecaine) in combination with the minimum morphine doses is an effective method for regional pain relief in children. It maintains a long postoperative analgesia with 5-10 times lower doses of narcotics.
-
Anesteziol Reanimatol · Jul 1999
Comparative Study[Complications of anesthesia and their prevention in children with spastic cerebral palsy during ambulatory surgery].
A total of 8000 anesthesias with ketamine or ketamine + halothane in children with infantile cerebral paralysis, operated in a one-day hospital, are analyzed. The complications were as follows: tachycardias in 12%, hypotonia in 8%, repeated vomiting in 5%, postnarcosis depression in 10%, psychomotor excitation in 9%, and painful syndrome in 7%. The most incident combination of complications was hypotonia, tachycardia, repeated vomiting, and postnarcosis depression. Complications occurred in 14.2% cases in ketamine anesthesia and in 4.3% cases in halothane + ketamine anesthesia.