Anesteziologiia i reanimatologiia
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · May 2008
[Main points of a modular approach to developing educational programs for the postgraduate training of physicians in the area of anesthesiology and reanimatology].
The uniquely shaped and contained structure of a modular approach to organizing an academic process, which comprises a conceptual rationale for the conversion of an educational process in accordance with a modular design, is detailed in the paper. All learning modules have the similar structure consisting of the following sections: background, general and specific objectives, contents, methods of teaching and assessment, the place and conditions of training. The authors provide evidence for the use of a module as a form of organization of individual educational programs, curricula, and academic plans of subject-matter during postgraduate training of physicians. ⋯ The development of educational modules is to eliminate parallelism, temporary and logic gaps between various topics, to upgrade the quality of education, and to enhance the efficiency of a medical specialist's self-work. The authors analyze in detail the advantages of the module approach in improving an academic process during postgraduate training of physicians. They also present guidelines for the introduction of module technology in accordance with the principles of the European educational system.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · May 2008
[Conceptual and methodological rationales for the use of innovational and traditional educational technologies for the postgraduate training of physicians in the area of anesthesiology and reanimatology].
Implementation of an innovational educational space program by the I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy envisages for the specialty "Anesthesiology and Reanimatology "first of all the development of a new-generation state educational standard, that considers the underlying principles of the Bologna Declaration, its introduction into educational process practice, and the maintenance of the high competence of a physician throughout his/her professional activity. The subject of the study was a system for controlling the educational process of continuous postgraduate training of anesthetists-resuscitation experts, by developing a model of the state educational standard taking into account the European educational traditions that adequately unified in form and content and the specific features of the Russian national school of higher medical postgraduate education. The object of the study was to modernize approaches to transforming the continuous postgraduate educational system for physicians in the area of anesthesiology and reanimatology, which had been laid down and vested in the new-generation state educational standard taking into account the new forms and technologies of an educational process in accordance with the principles of the European educational system. The aim of the study was to provide conceptual and methodological rationales for the use of innovational and traditional educational technologies for the postgraduate training of physicians in the area of anesthesiology and reanimatology according to the measure schedule within the general plan "Development of draft new state standards projects, including the state certification in the specialties "Internal Medicine", "Pharmacy", "Nursing", "Medical and Preventive Science", "Dentistry", "Pedagogics", etc., to elaborate plans of training and subjects, a range of specialties, as well as qualification characteristics in a specialty, etc." within the innovational educational space program by the I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy. The tasks of the study: 1) to provide conceptual and methodological rationales for the incorporation of innovational educational technologies into the Russian national system for the postgraduate medical training in the area of anesthesiology and reanimatology; 2) to adapt the European educational traditions to the Russian national normative base of the postgraduate medical education in the specialty "Anesthesiology and Reanimatology"; 3) to develop ways of mating the methods for estimation of professional competence within the continuous professional improvement system for the specialty "Anesthesiology and Reanimatology", which are accepted in the countries of the European Union and which are customary for the Russian Federation. ⋯ The concept and methodology of development of the form- and contents-uniformed state educational standard of postgraduate training in specialty 14.00.37 "Anesthesiology-Reanimatology" for the postgraduate training of medical specialists in Russia in accordance with the principles of the Bologna declaration.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · May 2008
[Optimization of the components of regulation of vascular tone and microcirculatory hemostasis during prolonged regional block in local cold injury].
The impact of prolonged conduction block of the brachial plexus on the regulatory components of vascular tone, the state of vascular platelet hemostasis, and the activity of an inflammatory process was studied in patients with second-to-fourth degree local arm frostbites. The block alleviated arterial spasm, indirectly lowered myogenic tone, and decreased shunt blood flow. ⋯ The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines reduced. This resulted in more efficient treatment.
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Anesteziol Reanimatol · Mar 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study[Tactics of infusion therapy in the acute period of intracranial hemorrhages].
The paper deals with the determination of infusion therapy tactics in critically ill patients with intracranial hemorrhages on the basis of invasive measurements of systemic hemodynamics. The routine hemodynamic parameters (blood and central venous pressures, heart rate) are noted to fail to assess the volemic status of the patients in full. Unlike the use of colloidal solutions, infusion therapy with physiological sodium chloride is not shown to correct systemic hemodynamics. It has been ascertained that in acute intracranial hemorrhages, infusion therapy with crystalloidal solutions leads to impaired pulmonary gas exchange and increased pulmonary extravascular fluid and the use of a combination of crystalloidal solutions and a colloidal agent in a 1:1 ratio can correct the volemic status of the patients and is not followed by lung dysfunctions.