International journal of palliative nursing
-
For the majority of patients, cancer pain can be treated using the World Health Organization cancer pain guidelines; however, for 10-20% of patients with advanced cancer, adequate pain control cannot be achieved using these methods owing to disease pathophysiology preventing administration/absorption of pain medications or intolerance due to opioid toxicities. The need to expand analgesic treatment when oral, transdermal, and intravenous therapies fail requires exploration of interventional pain management techniques such as neuraxial (e.g. epidural and intrathecal) infusion therapies and neurolytic interventions. Nurses caring for patients with cancer pain should develop their knowledge of these multimodal approaches to cancer pain management.
-
Repeat contact with suffering, dying, and death is considered to be a risk factor for burnout among health professionals, particularly nurses working in palliative care. A mixed methods study was conducted to identify burnout levels, risk and protective factors, prevention strategies, and the emotional impact of working in palliative care among nurses in Portugal. ⋯ Although the participants were exposed to risk factors, such as work overload, disorganisation, difficult relationships within the team and with patients' relatives, they showed a low risk of burnout. These results appear to be related both to the protective factors identified-namely the ethic of care in the relationship the nurses establish with patients, families, and within their teams-and to the preventive strategies they actively adopt for burnout prevention. The positive aspects of the nurses' roles help them to build a positive view of their work, which also promotes their own personal and professional development.
-
End-of-life (EoL) care is a priority in health care and aims to provide services for all those who are dying, irrespective of their location. Providing this care to those in prison services is challenging. This paper reports a project that aimed to provide an education programme to both prison nurses and officers to support their understanding of EoL care and how it may be provided within the confines of the prison environment. ⋯ The mentorship of a clinical nurse specialist already known to the prison staff proved crucial to its successful implementation. Following the educational programme, both the nurses and the prison officers reported having a deeper understanding of the issues and more confidence in providing EoL care to prisoners who are patients. Further delivery of the programme to a wider group is planned, and similar initiatives nationally may provide a flexible, affordable approach to EoL care for those ending their days in prison.
-
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, life-threatening interstitial lung disease of unknown aetiology and with limited proven treatment options. As it is predominantly a disease of older age, a growing elderly population will increase its incidence. IPF has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of 3-5 years after diagnosis and a 5-year survival rate of 10-15%. ⋯ Further research is needed to ascertain the worth of potential prognostic indicators such as age, respiratory hospitalisations, percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), and 24-week change in FVC. Integration of palliative care principles into IPF treatment is essential, including advance care planning, relief of physical and psychological burden, and patient and carer education. It is unknown whether pulmonary rehabilitation is of benefit but it may improve fatigue and functional capacity.
-
The UK End of Life Care Strategy (EoLCS) requires specialist palliative care services to contribute to end-of-life care for all. This systematic review aims to critically appraise literature published in the UK to identify how specialist palliative care professionals can collaborate with other health professionals within four of the key National Service Framework areas: heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neurological conditions, and dementia. Relevant literature was identified by electronic searches of various databases and websites and via secondary sources. ⋯ Thematic analysis was applied and the over-riding themes were barriers to collaboration, organizational issues, and patients' and carers' views. The review concludes that when a collaborative approach to care is used, quality end-of-life care is achieved. Each disease pathway needs greater clarity regarding how it links with the EoLCS.