Swedish dental journal. Supplement
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Comparative Study
Tobacco smoking and periodontal health in a Saudi Arabian population.
Tobacco smoking exerts a harmful effect on the periodontal tissues manifested by periodontal pockets, attachment loss and periodontal bone loss. Current evidences on the effects of tobacco on periodontal health mainly concern cigarette smoking. In view of the increasing popularity of water pipe smoking in Arabian countries and reports confirming that water pipe smoking has health effects similar to those of cigarette smoking, there is a need for a better understanding of the potential harm of this smoking habit. The present thesis was carried out in order to explore whether water pipe smoking is associated with periodontal health in a manner similar to cigarette smoking. ⋯ Tobacco smoking is associated with inferior periodontal health. The impact of water pipe smoking is of largely the same magnitude as that of cigarette smoking. The association between tobacco smoking and an inferior periodontal health seems to be independent of the subgingival microflora. Water pipe smoking habit should be considered in periodontal health.
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In the year 2002, about 275,000 inhabitants around the world developed oral cancer and over half of them will die of their disease within 5 years. Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) accounts for about 1% of all cancers in Sweden - which is low compared to the incidence on the Indian subcontinent and in other parts of Asia, where it is one of the most common forms of cancer. The incidence in Sweden is increasing, however. ⋯ Among other possible risk factors studied, high-risk HPV infection appears to be the strongest. High-risk HPV infection increases the cause-specific RR of recurrence or SPT. Tumour stage influences the rate of recurrence/SPT.
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Comparative Study
The miswak (chewing stick) and oral health. Studies on oral hygiene practices of urban Saudi Arabians.
The miswak, a traditional chewing stick for cleaning teeth, is made from the plant Salvadora persica. For religious and cultural reasons, miswak use is firmly established and widespread in Saudi Arabia and most other Muslim countries. Only recently has scientific evaluation of the miswak been undertaken. ⋯ There is clearly a need for further oral health education in Saudi Arabia. Because of its close association with Islam, maximum benefits may be achieved by encouraging optimum use of the miswak. Oral hygiene may be improved by complementing traditional miswak use with modern technological developments such as toothbrushing and by tailoring oral hygiene recommendations to educational level.
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Review Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Temporomandibular disorders in adolescents. Epidemiological and methodological studies and a randomized controlled trial.
The aim of the present thesis was to investigate different aspects of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and pain such as prevalence, diagnostics, and treatment among adolescents. The reliability of a questionnaire and the clinical examination and diagnoses according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were assessed. Overall, we found it possible to assess and diagnose TMD in adolescents in a reliable way. ⋯ The results suggest that not only nociceptive but also cognitive processes are implicated in chronic pain states in young TMD subjects. In conclusion, TMD pain is more common in girls than in boys and affects daily life. TMD pain in adolescents can best be improved by traditional treatment with occlusal appliance combined with brief information.
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Review Clinical Trial
A mandibular protruding device in obstructive sleep apnea and snoring.
The overall purpose behind treatment in sleep-breathing disorders is to ease breathing and thereby reduce the risk of morbidity. The mandibular protruding device (MPD) is one method of treating both obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and snoring. The aims of the studies were to study MPD users after 2 years and evaluate the following aspects of the MPD: subjective and objective effects on sleep, influences on airway passages and hard tissues, and the incidence and types of adverse events of the masticatory system including temporomandibular disorders. Further aims were to evaluate the impact of body posture and the effects of the MPD on pharyngeal width and to validate two methods for measuring mandibular protrusion and MPD advancement. ⋯ MPD treatment significantly reduced subjective complaints of sleep disturbances and significantly reduced ODI values among OSA patients. A high MPD compliance rate after 2 years (84%) indicated a well-tolerated treatment and a low rate of side effects were noted. The key factor in OSA and snoring is the obstruction of pharynx. The MPD treatment significantly increased the pharyngeal passages and significantly reduced the size of velum and thereby facilitated the breathing.