World journal of gastroenterology : WJG
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World J. Gastroenterol. · Mar 2012
Opiate-induced constipation related to activation of small intestine opioid μ2-receptors.
To investigate the role of opioid μ-receptor subtype in opiate-induced constipation (OIC). ⋯ Loperamide induces intestinal relaxation by activation of opioid μ-2 receptors via the cAMP-PKA pathway to open K(ATP) channels, relates to OIC.
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World J. Gastroenterol. · Mar 2012
ReviewManagement of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: current policies and future perspectives.
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a gastroenterological emergency with a mortality of 6%-13%. The vast majority of these bleeds are due to peptic ulcers. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and Helicobacter pylori are the main risk factors for peptic ulcer disease. ⋯ Endoscopic therapy should be undertaken for ulcers with high-risk stigmata, to reduce the risk of rebleeding. This can be done with a variety of modalities. High-dose PPI administration after endoscopy can prevent rebleeding and reduce the need for further intervention and mortality, particularly in patients with high-risk stigmata.
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World J. Gastroenterol. · Mar 2012
ReviewPros and cons of colonoscopy in management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a frequent gastrointestinal cause of hospitalization, particularly in the elderly, and its incidence appears to be on the rise. Endoscopic and radiographic measures are available for the evaluation and treatment of LGIB including flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, angiography, radionuclide scintigraphy and multi-detector row computed tomography. Although no modality has emerged as the gold standard in the management of LGIB, colonoscopy is the current preferred initial test for the majority of the patients presenting with hematochezia felt to be from a colon source. ⋯ Compared to other management options, colonoscopy is a safe procedure with complications reported in less than 2% of patients, including those undergoing urgent examinations. The requirement of bowel preparation (typically 4 or more liters of polyethylene glycol), the logistical complexity of coordinating after-hours colonoscopy, and the low prevalence of stigmata of hemorrhage complicate the use of colonoscopy for LGIB, particularly in urgent situations. This review discusses the above advantages and disadvantages of colonoscopy in the management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding in further detail.
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World J. Gastroenterol. · Mar 2012
Polymorphisms of the TLR2 and TLR4 genes are associated with risk of gastric cancer in a Brazilian population.
To investigate toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) -196 to -174 del, and TLR4 (+896A/G rs4986790 and +1196C/T rs4986791) polymorphisms at risk of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer in a Brazilian population and association of gastric lesions with risk factors such as smoking, alcohol intake and Helicobacter pylori infection. ⋯ Our data indicate that TLR2 -196 to -174 del and TLR4+896G may increase the risk of gastric cancer in a Brazilian population.
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World J. Gastroenterol. · Mar 2012
Case ReportsLarge-vessel thrombosis in intestinal Behçet's disease complicated with myelodysplastic syndrome and trisomy 8.
Behçet's disease is characterized by recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis and skin lesions. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by problems due to ineffective hematopoiesis. Several studies have identified a relationship between MDS and Behçet's disease, especially intestinal Behçet's disease. ⋯ Moreover, the inflammatory and immune genes related to thrombus formation are overexpressed in cases of MDS with trisomy 8. Trisomy 8 must play a role in thrombosis. Further studies are needed to help clarify the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of these disorders.