World journal of gastroenterology : WJG
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World J. Gastroenterol. · Apr 2019
Observational StudyPerformance of tacrolimus in hospitalized patients with steroid-refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis.
Acute severe ulcerative colitis unresponsive to systemic steroid treatment is a life-threatening medical condition requiring hospitalization and often colectomy. Despite the increasing choice of medical therapy options for ulcerative colitis, the condition remains a great challenge in the field of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The performance of the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus in this clinical setting is insufficiently elucidated. ⋯ The short-term outcome of tacrolimus in steroid-refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis was beneficial, and side effects were rare. In all, tacrolimus therapy appears to be a viable option for short-term treatment of steroid-refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis besides ciclosporin and anti-tumor necrosis factor α treatment.
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World J. Gastroenterol. · Apr 2019
Plasma microRNAs as potential new biomarkers for early detection of early gastric cancer.
Early gastric cancer (EGC), compared with advanced gastric cancer (AGC), has a higher 5-year survival rate. However, due to the lack of typical symptoms and the difficulty in diagnosing EGC, no effective biomarkers exist for the detection of EGC, and gastroscopy is the only detection method. ⋯ The differentially expressed circulatory plasma miR-425-5p, miR-1180-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-24-3p and miR-4632-5p can be regarded as a new potential biomarker panel for the diagnosis of EGC. The prediction and early diagnosis of EGC can be considerably facilitated by combining gastroscopy with the use of these miRNA biomarkers, thereby optimizing the strategy for effective detection of EGC. Nevertheless, larger-scale human experiments are still required to confirm our findings.
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Recently, gut microbiota has been associated with various diseases other than intestinal disease. Thus, there has been rapid growth in the study of gut microbiota. Considering the numerous factors influencing gut microbiota such as age, diet, etc., area-based research is required. Indonesia has numerous different tribes and each of these tribes have different lifestyles. Hence, it is expected that each tribe has a specific gut microbiota. A deeper insight into the composition of gut microbiota can be used to determine the condition of gut microbiota in Indonesians and to consider which treatment may be suitable and effective to improve health status. ⋯ Bacterial populations were higher in younger than in elderly subjects. Most abundant bacterial groups were Clostridium, Prevotella, Atopobium, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides. The level of Clostridium perfringens in Yogyakarta subjects was lower than that in Balinese subjects.
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World J. Gastroenterol. · Mar 2019
MicroRNA-596 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer and is upregulated by promotor demethylation.
In the present study, we investigated a suppressive role of microRNA-596 (miR-596) in gastric cancer (GC). Moreover, the downregulation of miR-596 in GC cell lines was associated with an increase of miR-596 promoter methylation. We also established that miR-596 controls the expression of peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), which has never been reported before, suggesting that this interaction could play an important role in GC progression. ⋯ MiR-596 has a tumor suppressive role in GC and is downregulated partly due to promoter hypermethylation. Furthermore, PRDX1 is one of the putative target genes of miR-596.
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World J. Gastroenterol. · Mar 2019
Optimized protocol of multiple post-processing techniques improves diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography in assessment of small bowel obstruction compared with conventional axial and coronal reformations.
Axial and coronal reformations have been a widely used image post-processing protocol for the ordinary multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) examination of patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO) or other abdominal diseases. The diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for assessing SBO is expected to be further improved through the use of multiple post-processing techniques. ⋯ Our optimized protocol of multiple post-processing techniques can both guarantee efficiency and improve diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for assessing SBO and secondary bowel ischemia.