Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Casopitant and ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention in women at high risk for emesis: a phase 3 study.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are associated with a variety of complications. Neurokinin subtype 1 receptor antagonists have antiemetic activity in the postoperative setting, and the neurokinin subtype 1 receptor antagonist casopitant mesylate (GW679769) was well tolerated and effective at reducing the incidence of PONV in phase 1 and phase 2 trials. ⋯ The results of this pivotal phase 3 study demonstrate that the combination of casopitant and ondansetron was superior to ondansetron only in patients at high risk for PONV. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00326248.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Trauma resuscitation errors and computer-assisted decision support.
This project tested the hypothesis that computer-aided decision support during the first 30 minutes of trauma resuscitation reduces management errors. ⋯ Computer-aided, real-time decision support resulted in improved protocol compliance and reduced errors and morbidity. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00164034.
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Comparative Study
Racial/ethnic disparities in access to care and survival for patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.
To determine whether controlling for differences in the use of invasive therapy affects racial/ethnic differences in survival of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ⋯ For early-stage HCC, racial/ethnic disparities in survival between minority and white patients are notable. After accounting for differences in stage, use of invasive therapy, and treatment benefit, no racial/ethnic survival disparity is evident between Hispanics and whites, but blacks have persistently poor survival.
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Comparative Study
Analysis of compliance and outcomes in a trauma system with a 2-hour transfer rule.
Minimizing time to definitive care in an effort to optimize outcomes is the goal of trauma systems. Toward this end, some systems have imposed standards on time to interfacility transfer. This study evaluates compliance and outcome in a system with a 2-hour transfer rule. ⋯ While the majority of transfers occur at greater than the mandated 2-hour interval, the most seriously injured patients are reaching definitive care within 2 hours. Markers of acuity for patients transferred at greater than 2 hours parallel those of the general trauma patient population. These data suggest that, in this system, provider-determined transfer time that exceeds 2 hours has no adverse effect on patient outcome. It appears to accomplish recognition and rapid transport of the most seriously ill. This may obviate the need for onerous system mandates that are not feasible or have poor compliance.
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Comparative Study
Provider density and health system facility factors and their relationship to rates of pediatric perforated appendicitis in US counties.
To examine whether density of providers or health care facility factors have a significant effect on the rates of perforated appendicitis in the pediatric population. ⋯ Increasing geographic density of pediatricians was associated with a decreasing trend in the odds ratio of perforated appendicitis, with a statistically significant protective effect observed in the highest-density quartile of pediatricians. The density of all other provider and health care facility factors analyzed did not demonstrate a significant association with the rates of perforated appendicitis.