Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement
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Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2005
Multicenter Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialQuality management in traumatic brain injury (TBI) lessons from the prospective study in 6.800 patients after acute TBI in respect of neurorehabilitation.
Preliminary results on epidemiology, acute hospital care, and neurorehabilitation of TBI are presented of the first ever prospective controlled German study to analyse the use of regional structures and quality management as provided by the German social healthcare system. The sum of inhabitants in Hannover and Münster area was 2,114 million. Within an area of 100 kilometres diameter each. 6.783 acute TBI (58% male) were admitted for acute treatment from March 2000 to 2001. ⋯ The management of frequent complications in 148 patients (=57%) and the high number of one or more different consultations (n = 196) confirmed the author's concept for early neurosurgical rehabilitation in TBI when rehabilitation centres were compared regarding GCS and GOS: Early GOS 1 = 4%; GOS 2 = 2,7%, GOS 3 = 37,3%, GOS 4 = 26,7%, GOS 5 = 29,3%, final GOS scores were 1 = 1,2%, 2 = 1,7%, 3 = 21,8%, 4 = 36,2%, and 5 = 39,1% of all patients at the end of rehabilitation. Mean duration for both "B" and "C" was 41 days compared to 80 days for "D" and "E". An assessment of both GCS and GOS was insufficient.
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Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2005
ReviewAssessment of health-related quality of life in persons after traumatic brain injury--development of the Qolibri, a specific measure.
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) associated or not with the measurement of neuropsychological functioning is a relatively new outcome variable in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In both cases, accuracy and precision are increased in outcome estimation. Validation of generic, cross-culturally (cc) administered HRQOL measures in persons after TBI is not yet well established. Disease-specific HRQOL instruments do not exist in an international context. The objective here is to present the TBI consensus group's (QOLIBRI-Group) approach in cc development of a specific HRQOL measure--the QOLIBRI (Quality of Life after Brain Injury). ⋯ In TBI patients, generic and disease-specific aspects of HRQOL need to be assessed with measures of adequate psychometric quality, applicable across different populations and cultural conditions. The QOLIBRI is a promising instrument for sensitive patient-centered specific outcome evaluation after TBI.
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Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2005
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialQuantification of secondary CPP insult severity in paediatric head injured patients using a pressure-time index.
This paper describes and validates a new Cumulative Pressure-Time Index (CPT) which takes into account both duration and degree of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) derangement and determines critical thresholds for CPP, in a paediatric head injury dataset. Sixty-six head-injured children, with invasive minute-to-minute intracranial pressure (ICP) and blood pressure monitoring, had their pre-set CPP derangement episodes (outside the normal range) identified in three childhood age-bands (2-6, 7-10, and 11-16 years) and global outcome assessed at six months post injury. The new cumulative pressure-time index more accurately predicted outcome than previously used summary measures and by varying the threshold CPP values, it was found that these physiological threshold values (< or = 48, < or = 52 and < or = 56 mmHg for 2-6, 7-10, and 11-16 years respectively) best predicted brain insult in terms of subsequent mortality and morbidity.
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Cerebral ischemia is one of the most important causes of secondary insults following acute brain injury. While intracranial pressure monitoring in the intensive care unit constitutes the cornerstone of neurocritical care monitoring, it does not reflect the state of oxygenation of the injured brain. ⋯ Such a device could conceivably be used to augment the sensitivity of current multi-modality monitoring systems in the neurocritical management of brain injured patients. This article examines the availability of data in the literature to support clinical use of local tissue oxygen probes in intensive care.
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Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2005
Randomized Controlled TrialRelationship of cerebral perfusion pressure levels to outcome in traumatic brain injury.
This study examined the relationship of cumulative percent time that cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) fell below set thresholds to outcome in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The sample included 157 patients (16 to 89 years of age, 79%, male) admitted to an intensive care unit at an academic medical center who underwent invasive arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure monitoring. CPP levels were recorded continuously during the first 96 hours of monitoring. ⋯ Patients experiencing less cumulative percent time below specific CPP thresholds were more likely to have better outcome at discharge (55 mm Hg, p = .004; 60 mm Hg, p = .008; 65 mm Hg, p = .024; 70 mm Hg, p = .016). Although differences in GOSE scores at six months were not significant, those with less time below CPP thresholds were more likely to survive. Accumulated episodes of low CPP had a stronger negative relationship with outcome in patients with more severe primary brain injury.