Duodecim; lääketieteellinen aikakauskirja
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Gleason grading of tumor biopses is the only method to distinguish clinically significant prostate cancer. Local cancer is usually symptomless, and men would benefit from functional screening. ⋯ In blood test diagnostics, established use is made only of the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and free PSA. New methods for blood test diagnosis are "Prostate Health Index" and the four-kallikrein panel.
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For more than a quarter century, the research of and drug development for Alzheimer's diseases have been governed by the amyloid plaque hypothesis, whereby deranged metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein leads to the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques, which in turn causes the activation of microglial cells, destruction of neurons and a progressive memory disease. The ending of three extensive clinical trials in disappointment has raised the question whether the amyloid plaque hypothesis is the correct starting point in the development of curative treatment for Alzheimer's disease at all. Two commencing new trials with patients that are still symptomless will be the final challenge for the hypothesis.