Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl · Jan 1995
Oxygen and acid-base parameters of arterial and mixed venous blood, relevant versus redundant.
A complete pH and blood gas analysis of arterial and mixed venous blood may comprise more than forty different quantities. We have selected sixteen, including patient temperature. The arterial oxygen tension group includes the oxygen tension, fraction of oxygen in inspired air, and fraction of mixed venous blood in the arterial (total physiological veno-arterial shunting). ⋯ The mixed venous group includes mixed venous oxygen tension, and, when measured, cardiac output, and oxygen consumption rate. The acid-base status includes blood pH, arterial carbon dioxide tension, and extracellular base excess. Other quantities such as haemoglobin oxygen saturation, respiratory index, total oxygen concentration (oxygen content), oxygen extraction fraction, oxygen delivery, and several others, provide no essential additional clinical information and are therefore redundant.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl · Jan 1995
The role of muscle relaxants in total intravenous anaesthesia.
For total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA), all drugs that are required as part of the anaesthetic method are administered intravenously. This is usually taken to imply the use of intravenous infusions. It is normal practice to administer muscle relaxants intravenously, although other routes have been used. ⋯ It should cause negligible side-effects. For administration by infusion, an agent with an intermediate (e.g., atracurium) or short (e.g., mivacurium) duration of action is essential to ensure a rapid recovery of effect on termination of the infusion. The routine use of neuromuscular monitoring is recommended when a continuous infusion of a relaxant is used.