Chest surgery clinics of North America
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This chapter reviews the most updated knowledge regarding mechanical ventilation, its' indications and its' features both diagnostic and therapeutic. Further, the various modes of mechanical ventilation are described. The reader will also gain insight into the pathophysiology of various disease processes and the mode of ventilation that may be the most helpful in their treatment. Weaning is also discussed as well as a relatively new type of ventilation, non-invasive.
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Chest Surg. Clin. N. Am. · May 2002
ReviewAcute respiratory distress syndrome epidemiology and pathophysiology.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a devastating syndrome of lung injury following known risk factors, with a persistently high mortality. A consensus conference definition of ARDS has been adopted by clinical researchers, but potential problems remain. ARDS may represent more than one entity, and radiographic and mechanical differences between pulmonary versus extrapulmonary initiated ARDS have been described. ⋯ Surfactant abnormalities contribute to the associated lung dysfunction. A growing body of evidence supports the presence of VILI and a potential mechanism for developing MOSF, and has led to new management strategies. The importances of apoptosis to the repair process, and mechanisms that may lead to persistent fibrosis, such as the activation of the coagulant pathway with fibrin deposition, are increasingly recognized.