Annals of the American Thoracic Society
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Review
Will Choosing Wisely® improve quality and lower costs of care for patients with critical illness?
In 2009, a group of experts convened by the Institute of Medicine estimated that 30% of health care costs amounted to waste, including a substantial share from nonbeneficial and often harmful services. Professional organizations and medical ethicists subsequently called on specialty groups to generate "top five" lists of expensive tests or treatments without known benefits. Responding to this call, the American Board of Internal Medicine launched its Choosing Wisely campaign, with the top-five Choosing Wisely lists for pulmonary medicine and critical care released in 2014. ⋯ Although the campaign addresses some limitations of past efforts to improve quality and reduce waste, we believe it will do little to change provider behavior. Even if the top-five list for critical care were to change the behavior of providers, its ultimate impact on costs and quality will be lower than anticipated. Here we suggest several strategies for stakeholders to increase the impact of the critical care top-five list, and further discuss that despite limitations of the campaign it is still imperative for advancing best practice in critical care.
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Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) remains an invaluable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of mediastinal and hilar abnormalities, specifically in the evaluation of patients with lung cancer. Training in TBNA has remained integral in pulmonary fellowship programs, but unfortunately the training methods, volumes, and outcomes have been variable. ⋯ However, with this new technology, many questions have surfaced regarding training methods, volumes, and who should receive training. Within this context, we describe the history, current state, and future directions of the education of TBNA during pulmonary fellowship training.
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Childhood obesity is a known risk factor for pulmonary diseases, likely due to obesity-mediated alteration of pulmonary function. Inflammation and mechanical fat load are two proposed causative mechanisms for altered pulmonary function among obese children; however, the association of metabolic abnormalities with pulmonary function among children is poorly understood. ⋯ These results suggest that metabolic abnormalities and adiposity are independently associated with pulmonary function deficits among urban adolescents. Metabolic assessment of obese adolescents may identify those at risk of developing obesity-associated pulmonary morbidity.
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Editorial Comment
Extracorporeal life support. A "breath-taking" technology?
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Review Meta Analysis
Extracorporeal life support for acute respiratory failure. A systematic review and metaanalysis.
Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for acute respiratory failure has increased as a result of technological advancements and promising results from recent studies as compared with historical trials. ⋯ ECLS was not associated with a mortality benefit in patients with acute respiratory failure. However, a significant mortality benefit was seen when restricted to higher-quality studies of venovenous ECLS. Patients with H1N1-acute respiratory distress syndrome represent a subgroup that may benefit from ECLS. Future studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of ECLS as well as the optimal configuration, indications, and timing for adult patients with respiratory failure.