Annals of the American Thoracic Society
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Legal documents similar to the Maryland Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (MOLST) form requiring physician endorsement are increasingly used by critically ill patients. ⋯ An interactive, online educational module had no effect on trainee knowledge of completing and interpreting MOLST forms approximately 2 months after completion. Information conveyed via online modules alone may have minimal sustained impact on house staff knowledge.
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Spirometry plays a major role in the diagnosis and assessment of severity of lung disease. Determining which lung function values are normal and which are below the lower limit of normal depends on reference equations derived from an appropriate population. ⋯ This study provides spirometric reference equations for the Canadian population that were measured under the recommended clinical conditions and with rigorous quality control.
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Rapid On-Site Evaluation (ROSE) of specimens collected by endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided-transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) ensures sample adequacy and triages subsequent biopsy procedures. EBUS-TBNA allows sampling of lymph nodes in granulomatous diseases; however, the ability of ROSE to predict the final diagnosis in this setting has not been well characterized. ⋯ In this single-center study, there was a high concordance between ROSE and the final cytological diagnosis for mediastinal lymph nodes containing granulomas that were sampled by EBUS-TBNA. ROSE may serve to reduce procedure time, enhance sample triaging, and obviate the need for further invasive testing. The only variable associated with increased concordance was the experience of the operator.
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Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is a diffuse lung disease which presents in infancy and improves during childhood. Long-term outcomes have not previously been described. In one familial cohort, we have reported that NEHI is associated with a heterozygous variant of NKX2.1/TTF1. ⋯ Although clinical improvement occurs over time, NEHI may result in life-long pulmonary abnormalities in some cases. Further studies are required to better describe the natural history of this disease and would be facilitated by additional delineation of genetic mechanisms to enable improved case identification.