Radiology
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Computed tomography has revolutionized the diagnosis of ophthalmologic and neuro-ophthalmologic disease. High resolution CT with thin-section techniques has made available the depiction of finer anatomic orbital detail and permits radiologic detection of more subtle lesions than was previously available. ⋯ A segment of the superior ophthalmic vein was identified in 18 of 64 orbits examined by CT. Virtually the entire superior ophthalmic vein was identified in three orbits.
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Comparative Study
Thermography, mammography, and clinical examination in breast cancer screening. Review of 16,000 studies.
Breast cancer screening detected 139 biopsy-proved malignancies in 16,000 slef-selected women (8.7/1,000). In these, xeroradiography detected 78% (109), clinical examination 55% (76), and thermography 39% (54). ⋯ The greatest effectiveness of mammography vs. clinical examination was seen in detection of early breast cancers (small lesions with negative axillary lymph nodes). In this group, thermography was less effective than it was in patients with larger lesions and lymph node metastases.
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Extra-alveolar air (EAA) developed in 38 patients during mechanical ventilation. High ventilatory pressures and destructive lung disease predispose to EAA. ⋯ Retroperitoneal air was located laterally along the liver and in the flanks, and changed little with change in patient position. Early detection of EAA may allow life-saving changes in therapy to be implemented.
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Pneumonectomy with partial pericardiectomy may result in herniation of the heart through the pericardial defect, leading to cardiovascular collapse and death. Awareness of this grave potential complication and familarity with its clinical and roentgenographic features should permit prompt diagnosis and facilitate lifesaving repeat thoracotomy.