Radiology
-
Review Meta Analysis
Frequency of acute kidney injury following intravenous contrast medium administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies examining the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and other outcomes in patients exposed to intravenous (i.v.) contrast medium compared with patients who underwent an imaging examination without contrast medium or were otherwise unexposed (control group). ⋯ http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12121460/-/DC1.
-
Instruments that combine positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have recently been assembled for use in humans, and may have diagnostic performance superior to that of PET/computed tomography (CT) for particular clinical and research applications. MR imaging has major strengths compared with CT, including superior soft-tissue contrast resolution, multiplanar image acquisition, and functional imaging capability through specialized techniques such as diffusion-tensor imaging, diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging, functional MR imaging, MR elastography, MR spectroscopy, perfusion-weighted imaging, MR imaging with very short echo times, and the availability of some targeted MR imaging contrast agents. Furthermore, the lack of ionizing radiation from MR imaging is highly appealing, particularly when pediatric, young adult, or pregnant patients are to be imaged, and the safety profile of MR imaging contrast agents compares very favorably with iodinated CT contrast agents. MR imaging also can be used to guide PET image reconstruction, partial volume correction, and motion compensation for more accurate disease quantification and can improve anatomic localization of sites of radiotracer uptake, improve diagnostic performance, and provide for comprehensive regional and global structural, functional, and molecular assessment of various clinical disorders. In this review, we discuss the historical development, software-based registration, instrumentation and design, quantification issues, potential clinical applications, potential clinical roles of image segmentation and global disease assessment, and challenges related to PET/MR imaging. ⋯ http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.13121038/-/DC1.
-
To compare quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) values in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjects with subjective complaints by using a whole-brain three-dimensional (3D) pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling (ASL) technique at 3.0 T. ⋯ CBF measured with 3D pseudocontinuous ASL MR imaging helps detect functional changes in the prodromal and more advanced stages of AD and is a marker for disease severity.
-
Contrast material-induced nephrotoxicity and intravenous low-osmolality iodinated contrast material.
To determine whether intravenous low-osmolality iodinated contrast material is associated with post-computed tomography (CT) acute kidney injury (AKI). ⋯ Intravenous low-osmolality iodinated contrast material is a nephrotoxic risk factor, but not in patients with a stable SCr level less than 1.5 mg/dL. Many factors other than contrast material can affect post-CT AKI rates.
-
To (a) use a new second-generation wide-volume 320-detector row computed tomographic (CT) scanner to explore optimization of radiation exposure in coronary CT angiography in an unselected and consecutive cohort of patients referred for clinical purposes and (b) compare estimated radiation exposure and image quality with that from a cohort of similar patients who underwent imaging with a previous first-generation CT system. ⋯ http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.13122621/-/DC1.