Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances
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There is a significant need for orthopaedic care in developing countries. For the past 10 years, the United States Army has supported annual orthopaedic hand surgery humanitarian missions to Honduras. The goal of this article is to compare the premission planning to the realities of mission execution to provide a template for future missions. ⋯ A total of 58 surgeries were performed using innovative methods to stretch available supplies. A multidisciplinary and multination concerted effort is required for a successful humanitarian medical mission. A premission plan is critical prior to arrival and a contingency plan must be in place for missing mission-critical items.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 8-year effect of a hip fracture service on time to surgery; duration of surgery; length of stay in acute care, intensive care, and rehabilitation unit; and incidence of postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality. The study group consisted of 50 female patients 65 years of age or older who were treated for hip fractures in 1999 and 50 case-, age-, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score-matched female patients treated in 2006. ⋯ The 2006 group had a significantly shorter mean surgical time than did the 1999 group, but time to surgery did not change. The 2006 group showed improvements (but not statistically significant ones) in length of stay in acute care, intensive care, and rehabilitation unit, and in the incidence of complications and in-hospital mortality.
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Cardiac complications are an infrequent yet undesirable cause of morbidity and mortality following total knee arthroplasty. Perioperative prophylaxis with beta-blocker medication has been shown to reduce in-hospital cardiac deaths in noncardiac surgical patients. This study evaluated the safety and in-hospital cardiac complications of a consecutive cohort of 267 total knee arthroplasties in patients who followed a perioperative beta-blocker prophylaxis institutional protocol. ⋯ There were two nonfatal myocardial infarctions (0.7%) and six other cardiac complications (2.2%). With a beta-blocker prophylaxis protocol implemented by one surgeon, 76% of total knee arthroplasty patients were given the medication and it was prescribed in 34.8% by the orthopaedic surgeon. In-hospital cardiac complications were low.
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Experiences in treating wartime casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan have already led to changes in civilian trauma care practices. While advances in the care of civilian musculoskeletal injuries are likely as a result of ongoing military basic and clinical research, major advances in resuscitative care have already been realized. Early liberal use of tourniquets to control bleeding from combat-associated extremity trauma has led to decreased mortality. ⋯ Hemostatic dressings have improved the surgeon's hemorrhage control armamentarium. Clinical experience with hypotensive resuscitation has led to refinement and improvement in the technique. Use of recombinant factor VIIa has improved hemorrhage control in the context of brain injury and coagulopathy and increasing the ratio of plasma to red cells during early shock resuscitation has improved survival.
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Injury to the lower extremity is common in the current conflicts, often severely affecting the foot and ankle. Secondary to continued surgical advances, many lower extremities are able to undergo limb salvage procedures. However, scoring systems still do not reliably predict which patient will be best served with an amputation or limb salvage. ⋯ They are frequently associated with fractures to multiple levels. Early elective amputation at the level V treatment center is frequently performed. When limb salvage is performed, basic principles must be followed to optimize treatment.