Przegla̧d lekarski
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In recent years there has been much progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of acute pain and analgesic pharmacology. The most important role in postoperative pain management is still played by opioids administered through various modes, including spinal and local ones. ⋯ Paracetamol, owing to its safe therapeutical profile, should be the primary postoperative pain management tool in a majority of surgical procedures. A combination of opioids, NSAIDs and paracetamol in order to relieve pain allows both for a significant reduction in the dosage of respective drugs, fewer side effects and an improved pain relief.
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Trauma is a third killer of modern european and world societies. Everywhere in Europe there is the great necessity of having an efficient emergency prehospital and hospital trauma care organization which will reduce mortality and invalidity of the trauma critical patients. Three objectives are the most important: 1) defining of the lines guide (e.g. ⋯ Emergency Surgical Training should be established on three levels namely; 1) within the undergraduate medical curriculum 2) complementary training in emergency surgery during the general surgery specialization 3) additional theoretical and practical training for emergency nurses. There are many cultural and organizational differences among the "old and new" European Countries. The most important and special objective is the evolution of a correct and equal education in training care in order to improve our situation.
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Historical Article
The history of development and perspectives of breast cancer surgery.