Przegla̧d lekarski
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Diagnosis of the focal epilepsy is possible even based on the clinical history. More precise identification of bioelectrical focus, type of epileptic attack and type of epilepsy requires EEG or videoEEG analysis. ⋯ (1) EEG patterns in children with partial epilepsy were dominated by localized and lateralized changes. EEG was crucial for localization of bioelectric foci especially in children with normal MRI. (2) Focal EEG changes were significantly more often in children with hippocampal sclerosis. (3) In terms of localization HMRS were more compatible with EEG than with MRI findings. HMRS examination is strongly indicated especially in children with EEG localized discharges and with normal brain MRI.
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Comparative Study
[Mental processing in primary headache in children and adolescents].
Headaches in children and adolescents are the most common complaints in neurological practice. More than 90% of those are diagnosed as having migraine or tension-type headache (TTH). Memory disturbances are the most frequently observed symptoms in these patients. Event related potentials ( ERP), especially P300 potential reflect the processes of perception and cognition. The aim of these studies was to answer two questions: whether children and adolescents suffering from headache, especially migraine, show cognitive impairment in headache pain free period in comparison to healthy controls, and secondly what kind of factors can influence it. ⋯ Prolongation of N1 latency and the rise of N1-P2, P2-N2, N2-P3 amplitudes confirm the presence of cognitive disturbances mostly in children and adolescents suffering from migraine.
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In pregancy complicated by cigarette smoking prooxidant-antioxidant imbalance may have a pathomorphological and pathophysiological effect in fetus. Efficient enzymatic antioxidant systems are natural factors protecting cells from damaging by free oxygen species. Therefore the aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase in umbilical cord blood of newborns. ⋯ In erythrocytes of newborns from smoking mothers activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly correlated with concentration of cotinine (r = 0.61; p < 0.01). The similar correlation was not observed in red blood cells of non-smoking ones. Our results indicate that tobacco smoking during pregnancy may have a negative effect on enzymatic antioxidant systems in umbilical cord blood.
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Historical Article
[The history of antitobacco actions in the last 500 years. part. 1. Non-medical actions].
Tobacco was brought to Europe by Christopher Columbus, who discovered it in Cuba in October, 1492. Spread of tobacco consumption was initiated by the French diplomat Jean Nicot de Villemain, who in 1560 recommended it in the form of powdered tobacco leaves to the French Queen Catherine de Medice to combat her migraine headaches, and introduced the term Nicotiana tobaccum. Tobacco consumption greatly rose after the I World War, and after the II World War it became very common, especially among man. ⋯ In this period, especially in the 19th century dominated moral and religious arguments against tobacco. In the 20th century however, and particularly in its second part, development in medical research was enhanced by civil voluntary actions against advertisement and passive smoking. This lead to the significant limitation of tobacco expansion in Europe, USA and Canada in the end of the 20th century.
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In this paper the surgical treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is presented. ⋯ The optimal therapy of vascular complications is multimodal treatment (thrombolysis or reconstructive vascular procedure with decompressive surgery). The surgical treatment of neurological TOS halts degradation of brachial splice. The decompression of neurovascular bundle in vascular TOS should include the first rib resection in each case.