Przegla̧d lekarski
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Synthetic beta-cathinone derivatives belong to the novel group of psychostimulant "designer drugs". They show significant structural similarity to catecholamines and exogenous central nervous system (CNS) stimulating agents such as amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), and act as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Popular synthetic beta-cathinones include e.g. mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone, 4-MMC), naphyrone (naphthylpyrovalerone) and MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone). ⋯ This paper discusses pharmacological properties of the most commonly used beta-cathinone derivatives as well as risks associated with their abuse. Special emphasis is given to neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular and hematologic disturbances. Authors also present cases of fatalities caused by acute beta-cathinone intoxication or resulting from the drug-related accidents and crimes.
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Article presents a case of a 71-year old woman with pulmonary right upper venous drainage into the superior vena cava and with coexistence sinus venous type Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) which was revealed as interesting finding in multislices computed tomography angiography during estimation of coronary arteries.
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Cases were corneas have been collected from poisoned patients are extremely rare. Globally, no more than a dozen or so such instances have been reported, with the decided majority concerning cyanide poisonings. ⋯ Due to the suspicion of a neoplastic process in the abdominal cavity, collection of the kidneys was desisted from. According to the knowledge of the authors of the work, this is the first case of transplantation of corneas collected from a person poisoned with methanol in Poland.
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The history of HIV infection has always been associated with patient nutritional problems, initially in the form of wasting syndrome, and since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy such metabolic disorders as lipodystrophy, obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia that are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases have been observed. ⋯ The prevalence of overweight or obesity in the studied cohort of HIV infected patients is significantly lower than among the not infected people. At the same time the HIV infection is significantly more often accompanied by features of central obesity, expressed as abnormal waist circumference value. HIV infected patients have significantly lower BMI and higher WHR values. Higher WHR in the infected group is due to low hip circumference. HIV infected women usually have normal body weight and are significantly more likely than not infected women to show the features of central obesity as a result of increased waist circumference and low hip circumference. Men infected with HIV, compared with not infected ones, are characterized by lower, normal body weight, and their significantly higher WHR is determined by low value of hip circumference. Waist circumference seems to be an appropriate diagnostic criterion for central obesity in the studied population.
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Poisoning is a clinical syndrome caused by the poison, which entered into the body. Poison is every substance that taken in the specified amounts may cause adverse effects. ⋯ Acute poisoning with the exception of household products ingestion were more common in girls than in boys. The most common cause of poisoning in children were drugs overdose and ethanol ingestion. Cases of suicidal poisoning target group included only female sex. Accidental poisoning were observed mainly in young children and usually caused by chemicals.