Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · May 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyEpidural block for cesarean section: a comparative study between 0.5% racemic Bupivacaine (S50-R50) and 0.5% enantiomeric excess Bupivacaine (S75-R25) associated with Sufentanil.
Epidural 0.5% racemic bupivacaine associated with opioids is a technique used in cesarean sections; however, its toxicity has been questioned. 50% Enantiomeric excess bupivacaine has lower cardio- and neurotoxicity. The efficacy of epidural 0.5% racemic bupivacaine and 0.5% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine associated with sufentanil in parturients undergoing cesarean sections was evaluated. ⋯ Epidural racemic bupivacaine and 50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine provided adequate anesthesia for cesarean sections. 50% Enantiomeric excess bupivacaine is a promising alternative for this procedure, since it has faster regression of the motor blockade, which is desirable in obstetric patients.
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Chronic pain after spinal cord injury is a highly prevalent clinical condition, which is difficult to treat. Therefore, it is important to know its clinical characteristics and causes for a better diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The objective of this study was to review the literature on pain in patients with spinal cord injury and the possible association with physical (level of the injury, completeness of lesion, pain duration) and psychological (mood and quality of life) factors. ⋯ Despite conceptual and methodological differences among the studies, the prevalence of pain in patients with spinal cord injury was high, varying from 64% to 82%. Neuropathic pain at the level of the injury has an early onset (days or weeks), while that below the level of the injury has a late onset (months or years). An association between pain and integrity of the lesion is not observed, and the percentage of patients who complain of severe pain varies from 21% to 39%. It was not possible to conclude which is the relationship between pain and level of spinal cord injury. However, pain can have a negative influence on mood and in the capacity to perform cognitive, social, recreational, and work-related activities.
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Hyperchloremia associated with acidosis is associated with worse patient evolution if it is not properly diagnosed and treated. The objective of this study was to determine the intraoperative importance of hyperchloremia. ⋯ The incidence of hyperchloremia at the end of surgery is elevated, and it is associated with metabolic acidosis, longer surgeries, greater volumes of crystalloids, and higher postoperative mortality.