Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU
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We present the case of a neonate with idiopathic infantile pyocele. Scrotal sonography revealed a complex fluid collection within the left scrotal sac containing septations and a fluid-fluid level. ⋯ The sonographic findings suggested missed testicular torsion, but surgery revealed a pyocele, for which no source was identified. Radiologists should be aware that idiopathic infantile pyocele can mimic the Doppler sonographic findings in missed testicular torsion.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Chest sonography versus lateral decubitus radiography in the diagnosis of small pleural effusions.
The aim of this prospective study was to assess the value of chest sonography in the radiologic diagnosis of small pleural effusions (relative to expiratory lateral decubitus radiography) and to suggest gray-scale sonographic criteria for detecting the presence of small pleural effusions. ⋯ Chest sonography showed a high degree of accuracy relative to that of lateral decubitus chest radiography in the diagnosis of small pleural effusions, which appeared as thin (usually 15 mm thick or less) anechoic areas that changed shape with the phases of respiration.
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Bilateral internal jugular vein thrombosis is a rare complication of thyroid cancer. The most common manifestation of this condition is superior vena cava syndrome. ⋯ There was evidence of direct infiltration of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma into the left internal jugular vein. Sonographic and CT examinations also demonstrated multiple dilated collateral veins.
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The use of agitated air and saline, injected intravenously, combined with monitoring of the middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler sonography, is an effective method for detecting paradoxic cerebral embolism caused by right-to-left intracardiac shunting. This technique is particularly useful in patients with a patent foramen ovale. ⋯ Observation of saline-contrast microbubbles in the internal jugular vein during this procedure suggests incompetence of the ipsilateral internal jugular valve. This noninvasive method may thus be useful for studying the competence of the internal jugular valve.
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The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate and determine criteria for locating acquired arteriovenous fistulas using color Doppler sonography. ⋯ Fistula sites can be located effectively and quickly by a combination of major and minor diagnostic criteria. The major diagnostic criteria are (1) junction of low- and high-resistance flow in the supplying artery, (2) a high-velocity arterialized waveform in the draining vein, and (3) a turbulent, high-velocity flow spectrum at the junction of the artery and the vein. The minor diagnostic criteria are (1) direct communication between the involved artery and vein, (2) significant change in the diameter of the supplying artery, (3) a focal point of venous dilatation, and (4) a focal perivascular color artifact.