Therapeutics and clinical risk management
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Ther Clin Risk Manag · Jan 2013
ReviewGabapentin enacarbil extended release for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia in adults.
The development of biomedical technology is allowing refinement of drug therapies in order to improve medication profiles and benefit patients. Gabapentin (Gp) is a medication licensed globally for various indications, including postherpetic neuralgia. It has a pharmacokinetic profile which has been suggested may limit its clinical effects and reduce medication compliance. ⋯ An absence of comparative data, however, limits the direct evaluation of the medication to both immediate release and other extended release preparations available on the market. Additionally, no data are currently available addressing efficacy, tolerability, or side effects with other first line treatments of postherpetic neuralgia. Additional experimental data should be sought to clarify the position of Gp enacarbil, both within postherpetic neuralgia treatment protocols and in relation to the increasing numbers of gabapentinoids available.
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Ther Clin Risk Manag · Jan 2013
A 6-year experience of CPR outcomes in an emergency department in Thailand.
Sudden cardiac arrest is a common emergency condition found in the emergency department of the hospital. The survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients is 2.0%-10.0% and 7.4%-27.0% percent for in-hospital cardiac arrest patients. The factors for survival outcome are divided into three main groups: patient characteristics, pre-hospital factors, and resuscitated information. The objective of this study was to evaluate the related factors, outcome, and survival rate in patients with cardiac arrest who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at Ramathibodi Emergency Medicine Department. There are limited data for this issue in Thailand and other Asian countries. ⋯ Factors associated with sustained ROSC were functional status before cardiac arrest, location of cardiac arrest, duration of CPR, and cause of cardiac arrest. Survival rate was related to the cause of cardiac arrest.
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Ther Clin Risk Manag · Jan 2013
Prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial of electrophysiologically guided femoral nerve block in total knee arthroplasty.
The purpose of this study was to compare electrophysiologically guided and traditional nerve stimulator analgesia femoral nerve block after total knee arthroplasty. ⋯ Electrophysiologically guided single injection femoral nerve block may provide better postoperative analgesia and a greater reduction in the demand for pain killers than femoral nerve block using traditional nerve stimulator analgesia.
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Ther Clin Risk Manag · Jan 2013
Anesthesia and postoperative analgesia during unilateral lower-extremity fracture surgeries using multiple injections through catheters beside the lumbar plexus or sciatic nerve.
To compare the clinical effects of anesthesia and postoperative analgesia for patients with unilateral lower-extremity fracture between multiple injections through catheters beside the lumbar plexus or sciatic nerve and continuous epidural analgesia. ⋯ For patients with unilateral lower-extremity fracture receiving internal fixation, multiple injections through catheters beside the lumbar plexus or sciatic nerve can provide adequate postoperative analgesia, with very few adverse effects.
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Ther Clin Risk Manag · Jan 2013
Options for treating postherpetic neuralgia in the medically complicated patient.
Patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) are often of advanced age or immunocompromised and likely to have ≥1 comorbid medical condition for which they receive ≥1 medication (polypharmacy). Comorbidities affecting renal or hepatic function can alter pharmacokinetics, thereby impacting the efficacy or tolerability of PHN analgesic therapies. ⋯ However, combined therapy with a topical and an oral analgesic or with >1 oral analgesic may be needed for optimal pain management in some patients. This review summarizes how comorbidities and concomitant medications should be taken into account when selecting among available pharmacotherapies for PHN and provides recommendations for the selection of therapies that will provide analgesia while minimizing the risk of adverse events.