JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
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Observational Study
Are there predictive tests that determine the difficulty in Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion?
To determine the predictive tests for difficulty in laryngeal mask airway insertion, and to observe the success rate of insertion in the first attempt. ⋯ Higher height/thyromental distance ratio values were associated with difficulty in laryngeal mask airway insertion, and first-attempt success rate was similar in all the three laryngeal mask airway types.
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Review
Surgical Education and Training during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Strategies and Solutions for Pakistan.
The coronovirus disease-2019 pandemic has severely impacted surgical education and training in Pakistan and worldwide, causing problems, such as risk of infection, limited hands-on training, examination delays, and trainee redeployment to non-surgical specialties. The current review was planned to describe innovative strategies adopted by surgical training programmes worldwide in order to suggest comprehensive recommendations at the level of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan and individual institutions to counter the challenges presented by the pandemic in Pakistan. ⋯ Moreover, examination boards and residency programmes must appropriately tailor their eligibility criteria and assessment processes to the current situation. Lastly, it is vital to safeguard trainees' mental wellness during the pandemic and after by ensuring readily available professional psychological support when needed.
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Dentistry is a profession that requires coordinated motor skills in addition to acquired knowledge for ideal execution of any treatment plan for patients. Learning experiences have been modified over a period of time for students as well as for the healthcare providers. Conventional pre-clinical training employed the use of cadavers, but financial, ethical and supervisory constraints have become a major shortcoming. ⋯ Augmented reality is commonly being employed in maxillofacial, restorative, tooth morphology learning and mastering technique for administering local anaesthesia in dentistry. Virtual reality is being employed particularly in pre-treatment implant planning and dental education for students. Use of haptic technology, like robotics, is also gaining popularity, and facilitates a two-way communication between the user and the environment to better simulate the clinical setting for learning purposes.
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To study correlation of various complete blood count variables with one another and to ascertain the values of intercept and slope among those having strong correlation. ⋯ There were strong to moderate correlation between various complete blood count variables in the studied population. Ferritin level was the only variable which did not have any correlation with any of the other variables.
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Inferior vena caval (IVC) injuries are uncommon and challenging to treat. Less than 5% of patients with penetrating abdominal trauma and less than 0.5% of patients with blunt abdominal trauma have this injury. Patient can present with intraperitoneal haemorrhage or with a contained retroperitoneal haematoma. ⋯ Retrohepatic and suprahepatic injuries need infrequent exposures. Mortality remains high and range between 31-51% for the patient brought alive to the operative room. Glasgow coma scale, level of injury, haemodynamic status at presentation and free blood in the peritoneal cavity are some of the predictive factors for mortality in these patients.